Browsed by
Tag: Sunday Reflection

The Serpent, the Manna and the Eucharist

The Serpent, the Manna and the Eucharist

Fourth Sunday of Lent [B]
March 14, 2021
John 3:14-21

Today’s Gospel presents us with one of the most cryptic sayings of Jesus, “Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.” To unpack this, we cannot but go back to the Old Testament, especially the Book of Numbers.

In the book of Numbers chapter 21, we will discover Israelites’ story in the desert who complained about God’s given food. They even called Manna from God as the wretched or even worthless food. Indeed, this ungrateful act brought upon themselves a terrible punishment. The seraph serpents assaulted and killed many Israelites. Aware that they were perishing, the Israelites begged for mercy. God instructed Moses to make a bronze serpent and mount it on a pole for people to see. Those who had been bitten saw the bronze serpent and recovered. With this story as a background, Jesus presented Himself like the bronze serpent. He would be lifted on the cross so that those who see Him and believe will receive eternal life.

Yet, there are more! We notice that the reason behind this punishment is that the Israelites failed to appreciate the bread from heaven and even called it worthless. Indeed, that was an act of ingratitude, but it was also an act of the desecration to the heavenly bread itself. No wonder that the punishment was so severe. Interestingly, Jesus pointed out that the Manna in the desert is a type of Eucharistic bread that He would give [see John 6:48-50]. Thus, the incident in Number 21 teaches us a hard lesson about what will happen if we dishonor not only any God’s gift but also the most precious gift, the Body of Christ in the Eucharist.

The one responsible for the death of the Israelites was the seraph serpents. This serpent was not an ordinary snake like cobra or python. The word ‘seraph’ or the ‘burning one’ reminds us of the seraphim, one of the higher echelons of angelic beings. Aside from that, the image of a serpent that attacked humanity brought us to Satan’s first assault against Adam and Eve. The attack against the Israelites in the desert was not merely a natural phenomenon but supernatural. The devil himself wreaked havoc on the people of Israel.

If we connect the dots, we will see the relation between the Manna, the serpent, and the bronze serpent. When the Israelites desecrated the Manna, the seraph serpents broke loose and began their onslaught. The Manna was not only nourishing the Israelites but also protecting them from spiritual harm. If Manna in the desert is a type of the Eucharist, the serpent is the devil, and the bronze serpent is Jesus crucified, we can move one step further. Every time we desecrate the Eucharist, we do not only insult God but also open the gate of hell and let diabolic power overpower us and our societies. This desecration can only be remedied by true repentance and the cross of Jesus.

If we see ourselves, our families, and our communities are falling apart and becoming an easy target of the devil, the root is that we fail to honor the Eucharist. Like the Manna that protected the Israelites against the serpents and nourished them along their journey, the eucharist is our bulwark against the onslaught of the devil, and it is our spiritual food that nourishes and strengthens us in this earthly journey.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Ular, Manna dan Ekaristi

Ular, Manna dan Ekaristi

Minggu Keempat Prapaskah [B]
14 Maret 2021
Yohanes 3: 14-21

Injil hari ini memberi kita salah satu perkataan Yesus yang paling sulit dimengerti, “sama seperti Musa meninggikan ular di padang gurun, demikian juga Anak Manusia harus ditinggikan, supaya setiap orang yang percaya kepada-Nya beroleh hidup yang kekal.” Untuk memahami perkataan ini, kita perlu kembali ke Perjanjian Lama, terutama Kitab Bilangan.

Dalam kitab Bilangan bab 21, kita akan menemukan kisah bani Israel di padang gurun yang mengeluh tentang Manna yang diberikan Tuhan. Mereka bahkan menyebut Manna dari Tuhan tersebut sebagai makanan tidak ada gunanya atau bahkan tidak berharga. Tentunya, tindakan mereka ini membawa hukuman yang mengerikan. Ular tedung menyerang dan membunuh banyak orang Israel. Sadar bahwa mereka akan binasa, orang Israel memohon belas kasihan. Tuhan memerintahkan Musa untuk membuat ular perunggu dan memasangnya di tiang untuk dilihat orang. Mereka yang telah digigit dan melihat ular perunggu itupun pulih. Dengan latar belakang cerita ini, Yesus menampilkan diri-Nya seperti ular perunggu. Dia akan ditinggikan di kayu salib sehingga mereka yang melihat Dia dan percaya akan menerima hidup yang kekal.

Namun, ada hal yang menarik yang kita tidak boleh lewatkan! Jika kita memperhatikan, alasan dari mengapa orang Israel kena hukuman adalah bahwa orang Israel gagal menghargai roti dari surga dan bahkan menyebutnya tidak berharga. Tentunya, ini adalah tindakan tidak tahu berterima kasih, tetapi lebih dalam, ini merupakan tindakan penodaan terhadap roti surgawi itu sendiri. Inilah mengapa hukumannya sangat berat. Yang menarik adalah Yesus menunjukkan bahwa manna di gurun adalah tanda dari roti Ekaristi yang akan Dia berikan [lihat Yoh 6: 48-50]. Jadi, kejadian di Bilangan 21 mengajarkan kita pelajaran pahit apa yang akan terjadi jika kita tidak menghargai anugerah Tuhan, dan terutama anugerah yang paling berharga yakni, Tubuh Kristus dalam Ekaristi.

Yang bertanggung jawab atas kematian orang Israel adalah ular tedung. Jika kita perhatikan, kata ibrani yang digunakan adalah ‘saraph.’ Kata ‘saraph’ atau ‘yang terbakar’ mengingatkan kita pada seraphim, salah satu malaikat di surga. Selain itu, cerita tentang ular yang menyerang umat manusia mengingatkan kita pada serangan pertama Setan terhadap Adam dan Hawa. Ular ini bukanlah ular biasa seperti ular cobra atau ular sanca. Serangan terhadap bangsa Israel di padang gurun bukan hanya fenomena alami, melainkan supranatural. Iblis sendiri yang datang membawa malapetaka bagi orang-orang Israel.

Jika sekarang kita menghubungkan hal-hal ini, kita akan melihat hubungan antara manna, ular ‘saraph’ dan ular perunggu. Ketika orang Israel menodai manna, ular seraph terlepas dan memulai serangan mereka. Manna tidak hanya memberi makan orang Israel, tetapi juga melindungi mereka dari bahaya rohani. Sekarang, jika manna di gurun adalah tanda dari Ekaristi, ular adalah iblis, dan ular perunggu adalah Yesus yang disalibkan, kita bisa melangkah lebih jauh. Setiap kali kita menodai Ekaristi, kita tidak hanya menghina Tuhan, tetapi juga membuka gerbang neraka dan membiarkan kekuatan jahat menguasai kita dan komunitas kita. Penodaan ini hanya dapat diperbaiki dengan pertobatan sejati dan salib Yesus.

Jika kita melihat diri kita sendiri, keluarga kita dan komunitas kita berantakan dan menjadi sasaran empuk iblis, akarnya adalah kita gagal menghormati Ekaristi. Seperti Manna yang melindungi orang Israel dari ular, dan memberi makan mereka sepanjang perjalanan mereka, ekaristi adalah benteng pertahanan kita melawan serangan setan, dan makanan rohani kita yang memelihara dan memperkuat kita dalam perjalanan duniawi ini menuju tanah air surgawi.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Jesus, the New Temple of God

Jesus, the New Temple of God

3rd Sunday of Lent

March 7, 2021

John 2:13-25

We, modern readers, often misunderstand today’s Gospel. This particular Jesus’ story becomes a basis for some to refuse the church building and parish vicinities for non-religious activities, however good its intention is. I personally agree that the inside of the Church’s building is a place set aside for worship and prayer. This is the sacred ground for people to encounter God and experience heaven.

However, today’s Gospel is more complicated than it seems. We tend to assume that Jesus cleansed the Temple from the animal vendors and money traders because Jesus saw them as not originally part of the Temple, but suddenly they were not mushrooming in the Temple’s area. Yet, if we go back to the time of Jesus, animal vendors and coin traders were part of the Temple’s system. The pilgrims from different parts of Palestine and the world streamed to the Temple every day, and though bringing their animal sacrifice was possible, it was not practical. The animals certainly would add inconvenient burdens, and they might get some brushes or injuries along the way. With the wounds or damages, the animals were no longer fit for the sacrifice. Thus, to offer a solution to these weary pilgrims, vendors in Jerusalem were ready to help by providing a healthy and worthy animal sacrifice.

Money changers are also tied to the Temple. To support the upkeep of the Temple, pilgrims were to donate some money, yet the Temple did not accept the Roman coins. Temple’s authority perceived the coins were a sign of foreign oppression. They are also considered blasphemous because the coin recognized Caesar as divine. Meanwhile, the Jews were not allowed to mint their coins. As a solution, they were accepting coins from the neighboring city of Tyre. Here comes the role of the coin traders. Without animal sellers and money exchange service, the Temple of Jerusalem would not perform as it should be. We can imagine how difficult it is to produce our own wine and bread for the celebration of the Eucharist.

Ordinarily, the animal vendors and coin traders were located near but outside the Temple. Yet, the problem began when the Temple’s authorities allowed these sellers to be inside the temple area, especially around the court of the gentiles. Jesus was doing what is right. However, farthest from the inner sanctuary, the court of the gentiles is still an integral part of the Temple and remains a place of prayer, especially for those non-Jewish people who believed in the God of Israel.

Jesus wanted to protect the house of God as a house of prayer and worship and desired that the Gentiles have a place in this house of prayer. While unfortunately, the Temple of Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 AD by the Roman empire, Jesus’ vision lives on. His desire to unite the nations in prayer and worship of the true God is realized and achieved perfection in His body, the new Temple of God.

Where do we find now the Body [and Blood] of Christ? It is in the Eucharist. In the Eucharist, people from different nations and languages gather to offer worthy worship to the true God. Every time we celebrate the Eucharist, we become the living testimony of this Jesus’ vision of worship for all nations. We can worship the true God because Jesus prepares the place for us.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Photocredit: John Applegate

Yesus, Bait Allah yang Baru

Yesus, Bait Allah yang Baru

Minggu Prapaskah ke-3

7 Maret 2021

Yohanes 2: 13-25

Sebagai pembaca modern, kita sering gagal paham akan Injil hari ini. Kisah Yesus yang satu ini sering menjadi dasar bagi sebagian dari kita untuk menolak penggunaan bangunan gereja untuk kegiatan non-keagamaan, apalagi untuk keperluan untuk mencari untung. Saya pribadi setuju bahwa bagian dalam gedung Gereja merupakan tempat yang dikhususkan untuk peribadatan dan doa. Ini adalah daerah suci bagi umat untuk bertemu dengan Tuhan dan mengalami surga.

Namun, Injil hari ini lebih kompleks dari apa yang sering kita pahami. Kita cenderung berasumsi bahwa Yesus membersihkan Bait Suci dari para pedagang hewan dan penukar uang karena Yesus melihat mereka sebelumnya bukan bagian dari Bait Allah, tetapi tiba-tiba mereka menjamur di area Bait Suci. Namun, jika kita kembali ke zaman Yesus, pedagang hewan dan penukar koin adalah bagian dari sistem penyembahan dari Bait Suci. Para peziarah dari berbagai belahan Palestina dan dunia berdatangan ke Bait Allah setiap hari, dan meskipun membawa hewan kurban mereka sendiri itu bisa dilakukan, hal ini tidaklah praktis. Hewan-hewan ini akan menambah beban perjalanan dan hewan-hewan ini mungkin mendapatkan cacat atau cedera di sepanjang jalan. Dengan luka atau kerusakan tersebut, hewan-hewan tersebut tidak layak lagi untuk dipersembahkan. Karenanya, sebuah solusi bagi para peziarah yang lelah ini hadir: para pedagang di Yerusalem siap membantu dengan menyediakan hewan kurban yang sehat dan layak.

Penukar uang juga terikat ke Bait Allah. Untuk mendukung pemeliharaan Bait Allah, para peziarah harus menyumbangkan sejumlah uang, namun Bait Allah tidak menerima koin Romawi. Otoritas Bait Allah menganggap koin itu sebagai tanda penindasan asing. Koin Romawi juga dianggap menghujat karena koin itu mengakui Kaisar sebagai dewa. Sementara itu, orang Yahudi tidak diperbolehkan mencetak koin mereka. Sebagai solusinya, mereka menerima koin dari kota tetangga, Tirus. Di sinilah peran para penukar koin. Tanpa penjual hewan dan layanan penukaran uang, Bait Allah Yerusalem tidak akan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Sama halnya seperti jika kita perlu memproduksi anggur dan roti sendiri untuk perayaan Ekaristi.

Biasanya, pedagang hewan dan pedagang koin berada di dekat tetapi di luar Bait Allah. Namun, masalah bermula ketika otoritas Bait Allah mengizinkan para penjual ini berada di dalam area Bait Allah, terutama di sekitar pelataran bangsa-bangsa [yang diperuntukkan bagi bangsa non-Yahudi]. Pelataran bangsa-bangsa, meskipun terjauh dari tempat yang paling suci, masih merupakan bagian integral dari bait suci dan tetap menjadi tempat berdoa, terutama bagi orang-orang non-Yahudi yang percaya kepada Tuhan Israel.

Yesus tidak hanya ingin melindungi rumah Tuhan sebagai rumah doa dan penyembahan, tetapi Dia juga ingin agar orang-orang bukan Yahudi mendapat tempat di rumah doa ini. Sayangnya, Bait Allah Yerusalem dihancurkan pada 70 M oleh kekaisaran Romawi. Namun, bukan berarti visi Yesus tetap sirna. Keinginan-Nya untuk mempersatukan bangsa-bangsa dalam doa dan penyembahan kepada Tuhan yang benar terwujud dan mencapai kesempurnaan dalam tubuh-Nya, yakni Bait Allah yang baru.

Di manakah kita sekarang menemukan Tubuh [dan Darah] Kristus? Tentunya, ada dalam Ekaristi. Dalam Ekaristi, orang-orang dari berbagai bangsa dan bahasa berkumpul untuk mempersembahkan ibadat yang layak kepada Tuhan yang benar. Setiap kali kita merayakan Ekaristi, kita menjadi saksi hidup dari visi penyembahan Yesus untuk semua bangsa. Kita bisa menyembah Tuhan yang benar karena Yesus menyiapkan tempat untuk kita.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Ascend to the Mountain of God

Ascend to the Mountain of God

Second Sunday of Lent [B]

February 28, 2021

Mark 9:2-11

Mountain is a special place in the Bible. It is a place where God meets His people. In the Old Testament, there are many instances where mountains become a pivotal point of salvation history. After the great flood that cleansed the world, the Ark of Noah landed on Mount Ararat, and there, Noah offered sacrifice to God [see Gen 8:4]. Abraham was asked by God to offer his son Isaac on Mount Moriah. Just right before the sacrifice, the angel of God prevented Abraham and God recognized Abraham’s faith [see Gen 22]. When Moses was tending the flock of his father-in-law, Moses saw a burning bush yet was not consumed, and there, on the mount of Horeb, God called Moses to save Israelites from the Egyptians [see Exo 3]. After the liberation from Egypt, Moses and the Israelites the Law and established a covenant with God on the mount of Sinai [see Exo 24:18].

Jesus’ important life events took place in the Mountains. There is the mountain of temptation, where the devil brought Jesus and offered Him the worldly glories. There is the mountain of prayer, where Jesus spent His solitude with the Father. There is the mountain of teaching, where Jesus taught the most remarkable lessons like Beatitudes and love for enemies. There is a mountain of Transfiguration, where Jesus manifested His divine glory. There is the mountain of the cross, or Golgotha, where Jesus gave His life for our salvation. Lastly, there is the mountain of ascension, where Jesus went back to the heavens and sent His disciples to preach and baptize all the nations.

One distinctive feature in the Mount of Transfiguration is that he invited three disciples: Peter, James, and John. There are many reasons why these three were selected. St. Ambrose of Milan, representing the Fathers of the Church, believed that these three were chosen because of Peter who received the kingdoms’ keys, John, to whom was committed our Lord’s mother, and James who first suffered martyrdom. Meanwhile, St. Thomas Aquinas, a Middle age theologian, argued that James was the first martyr, John was the most beloved, and Peter was the one who loves Jesus most. However, we can also see it in a simple way. These three were disciples who were ready to follow Jesus and climb the high mountain.

Climbing the mountain is a challenging mission. One has to make necessary preparation without being excessive. Climbing requires physical stamina as well as mental toughness. As the climbing progresses, the persons’ authentic characters will be revealed. Facing difficulty, one can be very selfish or selfless. Confronting challenges, one can march with courage or retreat in fear. In a dire situation, one can exhibit decisive leadership or get panicked and lose his way. Peter, James, and John were up for the challenge, and they persevered to see the transfigured Jesus.

Often Jesus calls us to climb a mountain with Him. Sometimes, we climb the mountain of prayer as we need to face many hurdles in our prayer life. Occasionally, we need to climb the mountain of teaching because we are struggling with the Church’s particular teachings. Sometimes, we climb the mountain of Calvary, and we need to carry our cross, and on the top, we find no consolation but the death of the Savior.

Yet, the good news is that Jesus, who invited us to climb the mountain, is also walking with us. As we walk with Jesus, He guides us, strengthens us, and forms us. If we are faithful in mountains of temptations and Calvary, we will participate in His Transfiguration, resurrection, and ascension.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Translate »