27th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]
October 8, 2023
Matthew 21:33-43
Phil 4:6-9

At the end of his letter, St. Paul commanded the Church in Philippi to have no anxiety. His advice seems friendly and comforting, yet if we look carefully, St. Paul was not simply giving counsel but a command. “Have no anxiety!” Yet, is it possible to be free from anxiety? What is anxiety? Does it serve any purpose in our lives? And, what was St. Paul’s advice to handle anxiety?

Anxiety is a natural response to stress or a perceived threat. Anxiety triggers both psychological and physiological reactions. Anxiety causes a complex emotional state characterized by uneasiness, fear, nervousness, and even anger and excitement. Physically, anxiety may lead to palpitation, breaking into a cold sweat, muscle tension, stomachache, and many others. Anxiety itself is not harmful and can serve a good purpose. Anxiety encourages us to prepare ourselves better when facing complex and unexpected situations. Yet, often, anxiety tends to be excessive, paralyzing, and may even lead to mental disorders. Then, when our mental health has suffered because of excessive anxiety, the best course will be consulting experts like competent psychiatrists. Yet, when the level of anxiety is within the healthy range of emotions, St. Paul’s advice may greatly benefit us in moderating our anxiety. So, what are St. Paul’s counsels for us?

Firstly, St. Paul wrote, “Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely,… think about these things (Phil 4:8).” In short, St. Paul advised us to think of good things, rather than to focus on the worse possible outcomes. St. Paul recognized that the essential factor that causes and sustains anxiety is what we perceive and keep entertaining in our thoughts. The Greek word for anxiety is ‘μεριμνάω’ (- merimnao), and this word may be related to the Greek word ‘μνήμη’ (mneme), which means memory. What we keep in our memories will affect us both psychologically and physically. Amazingly, this fact is not far from modern psychiatry, which identifies that our cognitive function plays an essential role in anxiety.

Yet, it is not only about ‘thinking positive,’ but to see lives through the lens of faith. St. Paul also said that to counter excessive anxiety, we must offer our concerns to God in prayers and be grateful (see Phil 4:6). Yes, facing problems and difficulties may cause anxiety. Still, by bringing them to God in our prayers, we learn to trust that God will take care of us. More importantly, we need to learn from St. Paul. When writing this letter, he was in chains, persecuted, and facing the possibility of execution. These conditions were severe causes of heavy anxiety for Paul. Yet, Paul was thankful and even rejoicing in his conditions. Why? He knew well that even his sufferings were part of God’s providence and would be eventually beneficial for the Church (see Col 1:24; Phil 1:21). Thus, he did not drown himself in anxiety or run away by denying the faith. He courageously embraced his situations and offered his thanksgiving to God.

In conclusion, there are two things to counter excessive anxiety: think of the good things and have faith in God’s care for us.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

26th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]
October 1, 2023
Matthew 21:28-32

From the Βiblical context, we can easily understand the meaning of the parable of two sons. The son who initially refused to obey his father but eventually changed his heart symbolizes the Jewish society’s public sinners, like the tax collectors and prostitutes. They were indeed sinners, but finally, they repented when they heard the preaching of John and Jesus. The son who initially said yes to his father but, in reality, did not go to the vineyard is representing the elders and leaders of Israel. They heard the preaching of both John and Jesus, but they refused to listen and even persecuted them.

The parable is simple and easily understood, but what is at stake is our eternal salvation. The message is clear: everyone must repent and obey God’s will. Whether the people committing grave sins or claiming themselves as faithful and religious, all have to strive for holiness. However, this parable is not only for the elders and leaders of Israel in the time of Jesus, but for us, who call Jesus Lord, go to the Church every Sunday, and even involve many ministries.

We may ask, “Is it not enough to be baptized Catholic?” Is it not good enough to attend mass every Sunday? Do our ministries have any meanings before God? Surely, these are important in our Christian life and also part of doing the will of God. Yet, the Pharisees and the Jewish elders during the time of Jesus were doing more or less the same things. They were circumcised as babies and learned how to read Torah since childhood. They went to synagogues on the Sabbath and also offered sacrifices when they were in Jerusalem. They may also be involved in many religious activities in their communities. What we do are not particularly different from the Pharisees! So, what shall we do?

Learning from the parable, the key element is doing the will of the Father and His will that we turn away from sins (or repentance) and turn ourselves to God (or holiness). Yes, we are baptized Catholic, but are we convinced that Catholic faith is a saving faith? Yes, we go to the Church every Sunday, but do we worship the true God or go to the Church to look for personal comfort and benefits? Yes, we are active in many communities and ministries, but what is the point if we become proud of ourselves and arrogant toward others who cannot serve like us? Yes, we call ourselves followers of Christ, but perhaps we are secretly clinging to sinful behaviors.

So what shall we do? Repentance can be done every moment. In Catholic tradition, we have a daily examination of conscience, and when done correctly, it helps us to be aware of our actions and motives. Secondly, spiritual readings enrich our souls. We can choose from the Bible, lessons from the saints, or the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Thirdly, we go to the confession regularly. We must not let sins pile up in our hearts and gradually dull our conscience. The sacrament of confession grants forgiveness and sharpens our sense of what is pleasing to God and what is not. Surely, there are other things we can do, but fundamentally, unless we truly repent from our hearts, we might lose our eternal salvation.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

25th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

September 24, 2023

Matthew 20:1-16a

Phil 1:20c-24, 27a

Today, St. Paul wrote a disturbing line, “I long to depart this life and be with Christ, for that is far better [Phil 1:23].” Did the great saint want to end his life?

We must understand the context of St. Paul’s letter to the Philippians to answer this question. The letter to the Christians in Philippi is one of Paul’s prison letters. If we recall the life of this great apostle, we know that Paul was persecuted and arrested by his fellow Jews who opposed his preaching of the Gospel. During his trials, Paul used his privilege as a Roman citizen to appeal his case to Caesar. Thus, he was transported to Rome, the capital of the empire. While he was waiting for Caesar to hear his appeal, he was under house arrest, and he was literally in chains. Yet, he was allowed to continue preaching the Gospel and sending letters to different communities. One of the letters is to the Philippians [see Phil 1:14]. Paul could be proclaimed innocent, but there was also a big possibility that Caesar placed him on death row.

From this context, we recognize that Paul was completing nothing about suicide but rather his martyrdom. While suicide is willfully taking one’s own life, martyrdom is death brought by hatred of faith. However, what is interesting is how St. Paul reacted to his martyrdom. He was not afraid, not overly anxious, and undoubtedly not depressed. On the contrary, he was full of joy. If we read the letter to the Philippians, we quickly feel that the general atmosphere of the letter is joy. Paul even wrote, “Rejoice always in the Lord, I say, Rejoice! [Phil 4:4]. Now, this is highly puzzling. How could St. Paul rejoice when he was persecuted and facing imminent death?

Firstly, we need to recognize that here, Paul did not have a mental problem that made him unable to feel pain or regulate his emotions. If we read his other letters, Paul articulated his emotions well. He was angry when he needed to correct and to grieve when his children did not live according to the Gospel. So, why joy amid suffering and in the face of death?

The answer is that Paul has seen the actual worth of Jesus Christ. Paul wrote, “I regard everything as loss because of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. I have suffered the loss of all things for his sake, and I regard them as rubbish [Phil 3:8].” Paul has the correct hierarchy of priorities in his life. Everything, including life itself, should be in Christ and for Christ. Thus, Paul, who has given everything for Christ and lived in Christ, rejoices in the face of death because he knew he could finally be united with Christ.

Paul gives us a life hack to salvation: know the value of Christ, which is eternal. We need to set our priorities right. Yes, material wealth is substantial, food and shelter are essential, and education is necessary, but these are means to live in Christ and for Christ. We may lose money or material belongings, which is okay, but if we lose Christ, we may also lose our salvation and eternal joy despite our earthly success. Thus, rejoice because, for us, life is Christ and death is gain.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

24th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

September 17, 2023

Matthew 18:21-35

There are three myths about forgiveness that we often hear. Here, we try to debunk these myths and go deeper into the meanings of genuine forgiveness. 

To forgive is to forget.

This is the most repeated line about forgiveness. We are told that the best way to forgive is to forget about the events that hurt us as well as the persons who offended us. Yet, this is not forgiveness but rather a convenient escape. In fact, the more we try to forget it, the more it hurts us. Violent efforts to suppress our painful memories lead to mental and spiritual problems. True forgiveness is to face and embrace our painful memories and confront people who have hurt us. The path to forgiveness often takes months and even years to find true peace.

To forgive is for the weak people.

Nothing is far from the truth than this statement. Our natural feelings when we are wronged are anger, hatred, and bitterness; because of these feelings, our natural tendency is to take revenge or run away. The bigger the pain, the more powerful is the tendency. This is why to do the opposite (to forgive) needs an enormous force of mind and courage of will. To forgive is only for the strong. Another point is that we need to distinguish between revenge and justice. While revenge seeks to destroy our enemies by inflicting the most extensive damage possible, justice is ‘to give/receive one’s due.’ Justice seeks reparation, repentance, and reconciliation.

To forgive is stupid.

The usual imagination when we forgive is that we allow people to keep abusing us. In short, we become ‘doormat’ of others. Yet, this is not true forgiveness but cowardice. Real forgiveness starts with justice and courage. Forgiveness also includes repentance of those who harm us. Repentance may come in different forms. The best example will be the case of John Paul II and Ali Acka. The Holy Pope forgave Ali, but Ali still needed to serve his sentence in prison. People who hurt us sometimes refuse to change their behaviors, so we must raise the victim’s mentality and not allow ourselves to be abused repeatedly. 

To err is human, but to forgive is divine.

The last part is not a myth but the truth. Humanly speaking, forgiving is extremely difficult because our natural tendency is to take revenge or run away. Thus, we need the help of grace to rise above our human weakness. We remember that “God has forgiven us and that is why we forgive.” Therefore, living in grace is necessary for forgiveness. We ask for graces through our regular participation in the Eucharist and the sacrament of reconciliation. We ask the Lord also for strength in our prayers, as well as we pray for those who hurt us for their repentance. To seek support and advice from our trusted friends and capable professionals is also crucial because God may make them His instruments in helping us. 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

23rd Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

September 10, 2023

Matthew

To correct our brothers and sisters who are not living according to the Laws of God is an act of mercy and love. In Catholic tradition, fraternal correction is essential to the seven-spiritual works of mercy. Why correcting others is considered to be an act of mercy and love? Why is it difficult to do? Here, I share my reflection on why a fraternal correction is necessary, but at the same time most challenging, as well as some tips to do this act of charity.

To correct our brothers and sisters is a work of mercy and love because we want their souls to be saved from the fire of hell and to enjoy eternal life with God. Thus, together with evangelization, which is to bring people to know and come closer to Christ, fraternal correction is considered the most excellent work of charity. Because we love them, we grieve when our brothers and sisters go astray from the Lord’s way. Thus, we show our love and remind them to return to the Lord. 

However, though correcting our brothers and sisters is noble and merciful, it is one of the most challenging things to perform. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, ignorance. We are simply ignorant of Christian basic morality. Since we do not know, we can correct others. This is a big problem because many of us do not have the full knowledge yet about the Laws of God. Yet, it is also the easiest to solve because proper instructions and catechesis will significantly help us.

 Secondly, fear. Our love is not strong enough, and fear possesses us. We are afraid to confront our brothers because we hate hurting their ‘feelings.’ Sometimes, we are afraid that we might break our amicable relationship. We do not like to have ‘enemies.’ Thus, we condone their wrongdoings by keeping quiet. Now, this is dangerous because not only will our brothers lose their souls,  but we are also losing our souls because now we become the accomplices. We commit the sin by omission.

Thirdly, relativism. The virus of relativism is a subtle yet very dangerous plague to Christianity. Christians believe in one God and one moral Law coming from Him, but relativism says the opposite: there is neither absolute truth nor universal moral standard. A relativist person will say, ‘That act may be wrong according to my standard, but it may be true according to his.’ Thus, we refuse to correct others’ sinful behaviors because we ‘respect’ their perspective. This is even more dangerous because it destroys our proper understanding of Christianity and confuses many others.

Here are some tips for fraternal correction. Firstly, we must have a solid knowledge of Catholic morality. If we are doubtful, we consult the catechism of the Catholic Church or good and capable priests near you. We must remember that fraternal correction deals primarily with sinful behaviors and false doctrines. Of course, we may correct them in other aspects of their lives. Secondly, we can start with our loved ones, those closest to us. We do it with gentleness and patience. As Jesus said, we do it first privately so as not to be seen by others, and we might become prideful. Thirdly, if our correction faces strong resistance, we read ‘Ezekiel 33’ (our first reading). Though seeing our loved ones far from God is frustrating, we must also trust God’s providence.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP