22^nd Sunday in Ordinary Time

September 3, 2023

Roman 12:1-2

Matthew 16:21-27

Any true worship in the Bible comes in the form of offering sacrifice. What is a sacrifice? Sacrifice takes place when we offer something precious to God, and in ancient societies, cattle are considered to be precious possessions. Abel offered the firstlings of his flock, their fat portions [see Gen 4:4]. After the flood, Noah built an altar, and sacrificed animals that were pleasing to the Lord [see Gen 8:20]. At the feet of Sinai, Moses slaughtered oxen as sacrifices to the Lord as the covenant between God and Israelites was established [See Exo 24:4-5]. Yet, at times, non-bloody sacrifices are also offered. Melchizedek brought bread and wine as offerings [see Gen 14:18]. The entire book of Leviticus regulates the sacrificial worship of the Israelites. 

If the Eucharist is our worship, then what do we offer as a sacrifice in the Eucharist? Surely, it is neither animals nor any earthly things. Our sacrifice in the Eucharist is Jesus [see 1 Cor 5:7]. Since Jesus is divine and sinless, He becomes the perfect sacrifice, and consequently, the Eucharist is the perfect worship. 

However, if we see part of the Eucharist carefully, we encounter a sentence that the priest utters, “pray brethren, that my sacrifice and yours, may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father.”  This is intriguing because this sentence tells us that the faithful attending the Eucharist have a different sacrifice from the priest’s offering. If the sacrifice offered by the priest is the Body and Blood of Christ, then what is the sacrifice of the people?

St. Paul helps us answer this question. In his letter to the Romans, he wrote, “I appeal to you therefore, brothers and sisters, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship [Rom 12:1; second reading].” Our sacrifices are our bodies and our lives. And, we offer our lives in the Eucharist and we unite them to the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, this becomes our spiritual worship. 

Yet, Paul is also appealing that we offer not any kind of body, but holy and pleasing to the Lord. Thus, it is our duty to keep our lives from sins and things that are unpleasant to God. We cannot say that it is enough to believe in Christ, but we are not obeying His laws. We cannot claim that it is enough to go to the Church every Sunday but do evil on the other days. Every day is an opportunity to make our lives pleasing to the Lord.

Lastly, we need to remember that suffering is also part of our lives. Thus, if we endure unavoidable sufferings with patience, this too can be part of our living sacrifice that is pleasing to God. In the Eucharist, our lives and our sufferings are offered as our living sacrifice and since it is pleasing to God, our lives transformed into blessings. Now, we know why God allows suffering in our lives. This is why Jesus rebuked vehemently Peter for preventing Him from bearing the cross and dying. In Christ, eventually, sufferings may even become blessings.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

21st Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]
August 27, 2023
Matthew 16:13-20

The Catholic Church is known for her distinctive features and teachings, like belief in the Holy Trinity, the real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist, the Bible as the written Word of God, and the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary and other saints. Yet, one feature stands out because it is not only teachings, things, or rites but a living person. This is the Pope. Most of the earth’s population arguably recognizes modern-day popes, like St. John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis. What are the roles of the pope? Why is the pope central to the Catholic Church?

Indeed, I cannot do justice here. I want to focus on the pope as our leader and father. Every human community needs leaders, and this includes the Catholic Church. While it is true that the real founder and head of the Catholic Church is Jesus Christ, He entrusted the role of leading and shepherding to man and his successors. This is why Jesus gave Peter the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven. Why keys? Our first reading provides us with the answer [Is 22:19-23]. Here, through the prophet Isaiah, the Lord appointed Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, as the master of the palace. This was the highest position in the Kingdom, just second to the king himself. We can liken him to Prime Minister, who takes charge on the king’s behalf. How do we know that he is the master of the palace? He has the key to the house of David. Thus, like Eliakim, Peter received the keys to the Kingdom. Therefore, he is the master of the palace of Jesus Christ.

Then, why do we call the leader of the Catholic Church as Pope? The word pope comes from the Latin’ Papa,’ meaning ‘father.’ Then, why do we call him ‘father’ or ‘Papa’? Again, the answer goes back to the Old Testament, to Eliakim. As the master of the palace, Eliakim shall be the father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Therefore, like Eliakim, Peter shall be the father to the inhabitants of the Kingdom. While the leadership role is often clearly defined, the role of a father is often misunderstood. A father is a head figure in the family. Thus, Catholic Church is not only an organization but fundamentally a family.

A father protects and provides for his family. Thus, the pope is responsible for protecting the faithful from dangers, especially spiritual threats like false doctrines. He also provides for our spiritual needs, like Eucharist, prayers, and exhortations. Father is also a man who educates and disciplines his children. Therefore, the pope is expected to raise us in true faith and correct us if we begin to go astray. Indeed, a pope cannot take care of us individually. Still, he can lead and educate us through his representatives, especially bishops and parish priests.

One more thing that we must never forget is that the pope is also a frail human. We see Peter, who kept failing, then we may encounter some popes who do not meet our expectations. Indeed, it must be a difficult situation for the Church, but all the more, we need to pray for our leader and father.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

20th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]
August 20, 2023
Matthew 15:21-28

Today’s gospel is genuinely puzzling. How could Jesus act so harshly toward a woman in distress? Why did Jesus have to call her ’a dog’? Where was Jesus’ compassion and mercy?

A bit of historical context may help us. Jesus and His disciples were going toward the district of Tyre and Sidon. These two ancient cities were outside Israel’s territory to the north (presently in Lebanon). The primary purpose of coming to this area was to rest. The constant ministries in Palestine drained the energy, and they needed rest. So, we can imagine Jesus and His followers were exhausted after the various ministries and long journeys, but suddenly, a Canaanite woman came and disturbed their peace.

The typical reaction would be to ask the woman to leave, and this is precisely what the disciples suggested to Jesus. Yet, Jesus did not send her away nor ignore her but instead started a dialogue. We may recognize that Jesus has a particular plan for this woman. But what is His goal for her?

Firstly, Jesus told her that He came for the lost sheep of the house of Israel, meaning His priority would be the Israelites and not the Gentiles. Yet, the woman refused to give up and even kneel before Jesus. Interestingly, the Greek word used is ‘προσκυνέω’ (proskuneo), and this word can be translated as ‘to worship.’ Despite the apparent rejection, she stepped up her determination and even worshiped Jesus. Looking at her reaction, Jesus also came with stronger words, “It is not fair to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs (Mt 15:26)” Again, the woman refused to yield. Unexpectedly, she was neither angry nor insulted. Instead, she said, “Yes, Lord, yet even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters’ table (Mt 15:27).” Because of her great love for her daughter and her trust in Jesus, it did not bother her to be associated to ‘dogs’ and even content with the leftovers. Hearing her answers, Jesus proclaimed that she had great faith and would receive her request.

Yet, a question lingers. Is it truly an insult to call the woman ’a dog’? It is interesting to notice that the Greek word used is ‘κυνάριον’ (kunarion), and it is not just any dog, but a little household dog. Yes, it is a dog, but it is a part of the family and often well-loved. While it is true that the Gentiles were not Jesus’ priority yet, they were very close to His heart. Now, aware of this, ‘kunarion’ can be either an insult or a term of endearment. Fortunately, the woman decided to see this term not as an insult but as an opportunity to get closer to Jesus.

We recognize now that Jesus was making the woman the model of faith in the face of trials and difficulties. Through her, Jesus demonstrated that God’s apparent silence to our request is, in fact, God’s plan for us. Without the test of faith, we will not grow in our relationship with God. Test of faith is part of God’s pedagogy. It is how He trained His beloved ones. He tested Abraham, challenged Moses, and allowed David to endure persecution. It is our privileged to be tested by God.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

19th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

August 13, 2023

Matthew 14:22-33

1 Kgs 19:9-13a

Elijah is considered one of the greatest prophets of the Old Testament. His name means the Lord is God (a combination of ‘El’ and ‘YHWH’), and this speaks volumes of his mission to defend the worship of the true God, to oppose vehemently idolatry and to constantly remind Israelites of their covenant with their God. He courageously criticized even kings and queens. He was also renowned as a mighty prophet who performed many miracles.

One of his greatest showdowns is the contest on Mount Carmel (see 1 King 18). He challenged the prophets of Baal to call out to their god and ask it to pour down rain because the land had experienced a long drought. This trial is to prove who is the real God, the Lord or Baal. Around 400 prophets of Baal accepted the challenge and performed all sorts of rituals but to no avail. Elijah even mocked them. He said something like, “Your god must be asleep or going on vacation”. Then, when his turn came, he did a simple ritual and called the Lord God. His prayer was answered, and the rain suddenly fell from the sky. Feeling victorious, Elijah slaughtered all the Baal prophets.

This event enraged Jezebel, wife of Ahab, king of Israel, and as the avid support of Baal, she ordered that Elijah be seized and executed. Unexpectedly, Elijah, the mighty prophet of God and miracle worker, became afraid and ran away. Tired of running, he asked the Lord to take his life. Yet, the Lord sent His angel to feed him. He continued his journey to Mount Horeb in Sinai. There, he encountered the Lord, but not in the way he expected. The Lord was not in the great wind, earthquakes, or powerful fire but the calm whisper sound. Indeed, God was in the least expected place. However, after Elijah realized God’s presence and spoke with Him, Elijah was back on his feet and walked back to Israel to continue his missions.

The life of Elijah teaches us several precious lessons. Often like Elijah, we became afraid, intimidated and unsure of our lives and missions in the face of danger and suffering. We tend to forget the great things the Lord has done through our hands. We have this ‘spiritual amnesia’. We ignore the truth that the Lord who has been with us in the past is also the same Lord who will be with us in the future. Even trials and pains are part of His providence.

The second lesson is also precious. God can often be found in the places and times we do not expect. Surely, God is present in the Eucharist and our prayers. Yet, the Lord is hidden in the ordinary people we meet daily. Jesus is there in simple acts of kindness and love we receive. God is there when we can be faithful to our day-to-day commitment to our spouse and children. Despite our struggles, the Lord is there when we keep doing good things for others.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Feast of Transfiguration [A]
August 6, 2023
Matthew 17:1-9

Today the Church is celebrating the event of Transfiguration. This is an extraordinary event in the life of Jesus in which Jesus transfigured or manifested His divine nature to His chosen disciples, Peter, James and John. His appearance became dazzling white, majestic and divine, and the most prominent figures of the Old Testament, Moses and Elijah, also showed up. Moses and Elijah witnessed the Lord in the mountain during their time. Now, they witnessed the same Lord in the mount of TransfigurationTransfiguration. To see Jesus in His divinity must be a phenomenal experience for Peter, James and John. Surely, Peter wanted to savor the experience forever, and thus, he offered to build a tent so they could stay as long as possible in that beatific moment.

However, Jesus had another plan and returned to His ordinary human appearance. Jesus then went down from the mount and walked toward Jerusalem. There, He embraced His cross, brutal suffering and horrifying death. He was treated as the worst criminal and abandoned by His closest disciples. Perhaps, some disciples were disappointed and losing hope, and some were angry and frustrated. Even Peter, James and John seemed to forget the glorious experience of Transfiguration. James ran away. Peter even denied Him. Only John stayed and accompanied the mother of Jesus at the foot of the cross. Yet, this is precisely the point of TransfigurationTransfiguration. The divine Jesus on the mount transfiguration is the same dying Jesus on the Mount of Calvary. The most beautiful Jesus on the cloud, accompanied by Moses and Elijah, is the tortured Jesus on the cross flanked by two criminals.

Transfiguration teaches us precious lessons. Like the disciples, we often want to stay with Jesus when Jesus is in His luminous moments. Yet, when Jesus is crucified and looks miserable, we fail to see Him, run away and even deny Him. We forget that He is the same Jesus. We can easily recognize Jesus and thank Him when our lives are blessed with financial stability, good health, or successful careers. And naturally, we tell the Lord we want to stay forever in these glorious moments. Yet, do we see Jesus when our lives are hard? Perhaps, like the apostles, we are angry, frustrated, and blaming Jesus.

So, how are we able to see Jesus on the cross? We need to learn from the apostle John, and how can John see Jesus and stay faithful? John could see Jesus on the cross because he was not alone. He was seeing Jesus together with Jesus’ mother. He was learning from the example of Mary, who was standing at the cross of His Son. If we want to see Jesus on the cross and stay faithful to Him, we must be with His mother and learn from her. Do we invite Mary when our lives are hard? Do we pray the rosary in times of trials?

However, Mary does not only stand for her person but also the Church. Do we recognize that we are part of the Church, the Body of Christ? Do we allow the Church to accompany us as we walk through our difficult times? Do we help and support others also in our community or parish?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP