October is the month of the rosary. Allow me to reflect on this ancient yet ever new form of prayer. Why October? It all started when Pope Pius V, a Dominican, dedicated October 7 as the feast of Mary Our Lady of the Rosary after the battle of Lepanto. In this naval battle of October 7, 1571, the smaller Christian army fought the much larger and powerful Ottoman Turks’ forces that planned to invade Europe at the Gulf of Lepanto in Greece. While the battle was being waged, the Holy Pontiff and all Christians prayed the rosary asking the intercession of Our Lady. After hours of confrontation, the enemy’s fleet was roundly defeated.

However, the devotion to the rosary itself began even much earlier. In fact, the prayer was a product of a long evolution. The devotion actually began as a lay spiritual movement. In the early middle ages, the monks and nuns in the monasteries recited 150 Psalms of the Old Testament as part of their daily prayer. The practice was ideal to sanctify the entire day as the recitation of the Psalms was distributed during the important hours of the day (thus, Liturgy of the Hours). Yet, this was not for the lay people. They had no copy of the Bible, least the ability to read it. Thus, the lay people who desired to make their day holy, started to recite 150 ‘Our Father’. To keep track of the prayer, they also made use of a long cord with knots on it. After some time, they prayed 50 Our Father at three different times of the day.

In the 12th century, the Angelic salutation formula “Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb” became part of this 150 ‘Our Father’ prayer. Shortly after this, the meditation on mysteries of the life of Jesus and Mary began to be incorporated into this devotion. Gradually, it evolved into 150 ‘Hail Mary’. St. Dominic de Guzman and his Order of Preachers received special mandate from the Virgin herself to promote this ‘Psalter of Mary’. In the 15th century, that devotion acquired the name Rosarium (rose garden). In 1569, the same Pope Pius V issued the papal decree ‘Consueverunt Romani Pontifices’ that regulated and standardized the praying of the Rosary, taking into account its long history and its Dominican tradition. He also affirmed the efficaciousness of the rosary as one of the many means to obtain graces and indulgence. The praying of the rosary continues to evolve even to this day. The latest major innovation was from Saint John Paul II who added five mysteries of Light.

October then turns to be a fitting time to intensify our praying of the rosary and to remember the role of Mary and her rosary in the life of the Church and our lives. I guess more importantly we remember that rosary was born from the desire of lay people to be holy. The rosary came from the simple hands of ordinary people who recited the Our Father and Hail Mary and meditated on the mysteries of salvation. We pray the rosary because it is a devotion that comes from the hearts of the laity. When we pray the rosary, we pray together with Mary who is a lay woman. When we pray the rosary, because we, just like countless people, desire to be closer to God in a simplest and humblest way.

26^th Sunday in Ordinary Time. September 25, 2016 [Luke 16:19-31]

When Abraham said to the tormented rich man, “My child, you have received what was good during your life,” does it mean I will be thrown to the netherworld as well? I admit I have received so many good things in my life. I enjoy three good meals a day. I am studying in one of the best schools in the country. I do not have to worry about the security and future of my life. Many of us are enjoying the good things in this world, and we may ask ourselves, “are we going to have the same fate with this rich man in the parable?”

Reading closely on the Gospel, the rich man was sent to the netherworld not because of the good things he received in life. In fact, it would be unfair for him and for us. Many of us are working diligently and we deserve to enjoy our lives after all the backbreaking jobs. He was there because he did not care for Lazarus, his poor brother. If we pay attention to the proximity between the rich man and Lazarus, there is something unusual. Initially, Lazarus was outside the door, but then when he ate the food scraps that fell from the rich man’s table, he was actually inside the house. In fact, Lazarus was under the table of the rich guy. With this extreme closeness the rich man acted as if Lazarus did not exist. What sent him to the netherworld is not because of the good things he received, but his gross neglect and grave ignorance of his own poor brother.

We may have the same fate as the rich man if we do not care for our poor brothers and sisters around us. In fact, our ignorance may be the cause of their poverty and misery. Sometimes, we just feel good after donating some coins to the beggars, but is that enough? Indeed, we cannot do much to help the thousands of refugees in war-torn Syria, but do we do something for those who are close to us? Are we too busy working and earning, so much so that we forget to share? Do we close our eyes to our relatives who are struggling with their children’s education? Do we shield ourselves from the social issues in our society, like the increasing number of poor people being killed simply because they are thought to be small-time drug addicts?

We give thanks to God for the blessings and good things we receive in this life. Yet, we should remember also our brothers and sisters who are just outside our doors, those who are just under our table, waiting for our food scraps.

25th Sunday in Ordinary Time. September 18, 2016 [Luke 16:1-13]

“Make friends for yourselves with dishonest wealth, so that when it fails, you will be welcomed into eternal dwellings (Luk 16:9).”

We were created in the image of God. Thus, our true happiness is only in God. As St. Augustine would say, “You have created us for Yourself, O God, and our hearts are restless until they rest in You.” St. Teresa of the Avilla would echo the same truth when she simply said, “God alone suffices.” But, we were also born into the real human body within a complex and concrete world. As we journey toward God, we cannot totally separate our soul from the various mundane concerns. Even the monks and nuns living in monasteries will still work hard to fulfill their daily and basic needs.

Our humanity and temporal aspects of our life are integral part of who we are. They are blessing and gift of God. We must not be enslaved by money, wealth and other material possessions. Certainly, easier said than done. Who among us are concerned with the latest version of our cellular phone? Who among us spending hours just to choose most fashionable dress? In a bigger scale, corruption, injustice and exploitation are the offshoots of this attachment to this temporal aspect of our lives. Thus, the proper and prudent thing to do is to place the gift of our body and temporal dimension of our life in the service of God and others. I do believe that in order to preach well, it is imperative for the preachers to take care of their health. As an ancient Latin proverbs goes, ‘Mens sana in corpore sano’ (healthy mind in healthy body).

Learning from the parable of the dishonest steward, Jesus taught us to be like the steward in dealing with worldly things. In ancient Israel, for a master entrusting the business to his steward was a common practice. Some stewards would manipulate their position and raise wealth by practice of usury. They charged the borrowers of his masters’ property with high interest. Unfortunately, the steward was caught with this usurious practice as well as squandering his master’s wealth. To save his life, he chose to be smart. He met the debtors and to ask them to rewrite the debt’s notes. He decided to erase the interest that would go to him and let them pay the original amount. The borrowers would be indebted to him, and he might save himself. Like the steward, we need to know what truly matters for our happiness and salvation, as well as well aware of the place of worldly goods in the totality of our lives.

Jesus becomes a splendid example for all us. He is divine and spiritual being. He controlled the forces of nature, He overpowered the evil spirits, and He forgave sins. Though, He was divine, He did not disregard his humanity as useless. He, in fact, was humanly practical and respectful of His own Jewish culture. He observed Jewish traditions and customs, He worshipped God in the synagogues and He taught using the language that His original listeners would understand. Thus, He is truly God and truly man.  Indeed, our salvation rest in this balance and unity of this spiritual and bodily aspects of our humanity.