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32nd Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
November 6, 2022
Luke 20:27-38

In today’s Gospel, the Sadducees attempt to test Jesus. Sadducees are a religious faction in first-century Judaism like the Pharisees, but unlike the more popular Pharisees, they only hold Torah as the only valid source of Jewish religious teachings and practices, and refuse the writings of the prophets, the wisdom books, and later traditions. One of their main teachings is that they do not believe in the resurrection of the body. Jesus and the Pharisees though always in debate, they share in a common fundamental belief in the bodily resurrection. Later on, the resurrection of the body will be one of the Christian core beliefs.

Thus, to ridicule this kind of belief, the Sadducees are using the practice of the levirate marriage. In the Law of Moses, there is a practice to secure the bloodline and inheritance of a man who does not have any offspring. As a solution, the brothers or relatives of the diseased man will marry the widow and produce offspring in his behalf. Then, the Sadducees move to checkmate position. “In the resurrection, whose husband, this woman be?” There will be confusion in heaven!

Yet, Jesus makes it crystal clear that in the resurrection, men and women are living like angels, and marriage is no longer needed. There will be no confusion in heaven. However, we can go deeper and ask, “If marriage is no longer necessary in heaven, why do we need to have it here on earth?

The first answer is that marriage is a biological necessity, like the need to eat, to rest, and to breath. It is necessary for our survival, especially as a species on earth. Yet, if marriage is just biological need, then why does the Church honor greatly the marriage? Why does the devil and his cohorts try their best to destroy the traditional institution of marriage? Marriage must not be only about biology, but also God’s design for men and women. Marriage is not just biological or cultural motivated, but divinely planned. Yet, if marriage is part of God’s plan, why does it cease in heaven?

The answer lays on the purpose of marriage itself. Marriage is a means for men and women to give themselves totally in love. It empowers us to go beyond ourselves and love radically. It is a way of holiness, a staircase to heaven. Now, if we have reached our goal in heaven, then the marriage, as the means, is no longer necessary. Marriage has served its purpose.

This is the reason that holy marriage is fundamental on earth. The Savior also raises the dignity of marriage to a sacrament because it is truly a means of holiness (see CCC 1601), just like the sacrament of baptism or penance. Before men and women become like angels, we must live fully as human persons on earth, and one of the best ways to make us live fully as men and women of God is marriage.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

31st Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
October 30,
Luke 19:1-10

In time of Jesus, tax collector is considered a grave sinner because they are colluding with the Roman occupiers, and often, they are involved in various dirty activities to enrich themselves. On the top of that, the tax collectors tend not to observe the laws of Moses as often, they work on Sabbath. Now, Zacchaeus is the chief tax collector of important city Jericho. Indeed, he is one of the richest guys in town, but at the same time, the most hated person.

Luke also describes Zacchaeus as ‘short’ in stature. The Greek word is ‘μικρὸς’ (mikros), that simply means ‘small’. Zacchaeus is a small man. We do not know how small he is, but he is not tall enough for the average Jewish men at that time. Thus, when Jesus passes by, he is not able to overcome the heights of other Jewish people swarming Jesus. He then takes the initiative to climb a tree, and to his surprise, Jesus takes notice of him. It seems that Jesus has been waiting for him. In the end, it is not Zacchaeus that is looking for us, but Jesus is the one searching Zacchaeus, one of His lost sheep.

There are several things to ponder. If Zacchaeus is truly rich and powerful figure, why don’t he hire some bodyguards as to open the way to Jesus? Why don’t he send someone to invite Jesus? He has the power and wealth to facilitate his way to Jesus, but he chooses the more arduous way, that is, to climb the sycamore tree. The real answer remains mystery, but by climbing the tree, he finds his Lord and salvation. Interestingly, what Zacchaeus does, prefigures what Jesus will do in Jerusalem. He will ‘climb’ the tree of the cross, and from there, He brings redemption to whole world.

If Adam and Eve ate the fruits of the forbidden tree because they were tempted to take the shortcut and be like ‘god’, Jesus, the true God, carries the tree of the cross, ‘climbs’ the tree and from the tree, He gives us His life for our redemption. Zacchaeus follows the footsteps of Jesus, and climbs the tree to overcome his smallness and finds his God. Like Zacchaeus who discovers that the Lord has been waiting for him, we are also invited to climb our trees, to see our Lord who has been giving His life for us.

What is our tree? This can be the tree of sufferings and trials. This may be financial instabilities, health problems, difficult relations in the family, or failures in life. These things make us feel that we are small, short, and crammed, and worse, unable to see Jesus. Yet, if we are faithfully carrying the life’s trials, and spiritually unite our sufferings with the suffering of Christ in the cross, we believe that it would not be useless. Jesus is on the tree of the cross, and He is waiting for those, like Zacchaeus, makes humble effort to climb the tree.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

30^th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]

October 23, 2022

Luke 18:9-14

In the communication, there are three constitutive elements: the sender, the medium and the recipient. Arguably, the most crucial among the three is the recipient because everything changes when the recipient changes. For example, we cannot speak the same way to children as to old people, though we talk the same topic. It is the same with prayer. If prayer is a communication with God, then the kind of God we have in mind, will dramatically affect our prayer. If we consider God as our loving father, then we can approach Him as his children with confidence. If we see God as an instant troubleshooter, we may seek Him only if we have problems. Now, pride or arrogance is one of the deadliest sins precisely because it destroys the true image of God in our hearts. How is it possible?

Jesus masterfully explains the relation between prayer, pride and humility through His parable. The parable looks simple, but as always, there is more than what meets the eyes. Jesus compares two well-known figures in ancient Israel, the righteous Pharisee, and the sinful tax collector. Both are praying in the Temple, though in opposite manners: the Pharisee in prideful fashion, and the tax collector in humble way. But, how do you know that the Pharisee prays with pride, and the tax collector with humility?

It is not because he is standing closer to the altar. It is not because he is listing the good things he has done or received. The problem lays on the receipt of his prayer. If we read carefully, he is actually praying ‘to himself’. In some translations, this is not obvious, but if we go back to original Greek, the phrase used is ‘πρὸς ἑαυτὸν’ [pros eauton], and it simply means ‘to himself’. We all well know that we pray and worship God alone, but here, the Pharisee prays to himself. Thus, we can infer that the god of this Pharisee is no other than himself. The core issue with pride is that make ourselves as gods. In truth, we were created in the image of God, but in pride, we fashion god in our images. That is idolatry. Pride is extremely dangerous because it leads us to idolatry.

The tax collector became the model of humility because he prays to the one and true God. Standing before the true God, he recognizes who he is, a mere dust, a terrible sinner. Yet, it is not hopeless, because in humility, the tax collector also realizes who his God is, the just and merciful God.  He goes home justified because neither because he is standing at the back,  nor he strikes his chest as strongly as possible. It is because he prays for mercy to the true God, and the true God never fails to answer.

Some points of reflections: Indeed, we pray to God, but is He the true God? Or, do we pray to ourselves, to a god we created in our likeness and desire? What kind of image of God do we have in our hearts? Do we make God as our kind of genie that grants all our wishes? Do we use God to show off?  Does pride secretly interferes in our prayers and relationship with God? Do we have the humility to throw away our false idols, and allow the true God reigns in our lives?

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

29th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
October 16, 2022
Luke 18:1-9

Jesus gives us a powerful lesson through his parable of a persevering widow and the wicked judge. Initially the judge had no interest whatsoever to the request of the widow, since widow was one of the weakest and poorest groups in ancient societies. Yet, the widow was extremely persistent and would not stop until her request for justice was rendered. The judge eventually gave in and granted the plea.

Jesus once again employed the teaching technique of His time, “Kal V’homer” (literally, light and heavy). Simply put, this method compares and contrasts two things. What applies in a less important case will certainly apply in a more important one. Thus, Jesus taught that if the terrible judge can eventually do good because of the widow’s perseverance, the more God will do infinitely good for those who hope and approach Him.

In this reflection, we will not only explore the ‘why’ we need to pray persistently, but also, on ‘how’ we can persevere in prayer. Surprisingly, the answer can be found in our first reading. The Church gives us the story of the Israelites battling the Amalekites (Exo 17:8-13). Amalek was an ancient nomadic tribe living in Sinai region in time of Exodus, and as Israelites passed their area, Amalek decided to wage war. As an act of self-defense, Moses sent Joshua and his men to battle the Amalek, and to ensure the victory, Moses would pray and intercede for them. As long as Moses kept his hands raised up, Israel had the better of the fight, but when he let his hands rest, Amalek had the better of the fight. However, the battle lasted the whole day, and naturally Moses grew tired. Thus, to sustain his prayers, his companions, Aaron and Hur, decided to support his hands until the victory was achieved.

From here, we discover that when our prayer seems unanswered, it does not mean there is nothing at all. Like the Isreal had the upper hand, when Moses prayed, though it was still far from the victory, so also something good is happening when we keep praying, though we do not see the result yet. St. Augustine once wrote to Proba, “[He] wants us rather to exercise our desire through our prayers, so that we may be able to receive what He is preparing to give us. His gift is very great indeed, but our capacity is too small and limited to receive it.”

Then, how will we persevere in prayers? As Aaron and Hur supported Moses in his prayer, often we also need a support system or a community. This wisdom is coming from our human nature, as social being. Thus, Jesus calls us not only as individual, but also Church, an community of believers. Since the beginning, we pray and worship as one community, and this is one of the reasons why the Church continues to grow despite so many persecutions. Surely, we can pray alone, but as we get tired and see no result, good companions in prayers will make things bearable. A man has a sacred duty to lead his family in daily prayer, and the task can be burdensome, but if his wife encourages and accompanies him, the holy obligation can be source of joy.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

28th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
October 9, 2022
Luke 17:11-19

Who is this one leper that returned to Jesus to give thanks after he knew that he was healed? We never know the answer because like many other characters in the Bible, this person is nameless. The only information we had is that he was a Samaritan leper. What does it mean to be a Samaritan as well as a leper in time of Jesus? And why did he went back to Jews, while the other nine did not?

We have to remember that Jesus instructed to the lepers to go the Jewish priests. Why to a priest? According to the Law of Moses, the priest has the authority to declare someone clean from leper and allow them to return to the community [See Lev 13]. As the lepers went to see a priest, they were miraculously healed. One of them, a Samaritan, immediately returned to Jesus and as he put his face to the ground, he thanked Jesus. Why only one Samaritan? Precisely because he is a Samaritan. As a Samaritan, he has no obligation to see a Jewish priest, while the other nine, eager to be reintegrated into their families and community, sought the priest first. Yet, there is one deeper truth that we must not miss: this Samaritan bended his knees before Jesus, a Jewish man.

Simply put, Samaritans and Jews were bitter enemies. Though Samaritans and the Jews worshiped the same God of Israel, yet they truly hated each other. Each claimed to be the true Israel, while denounced the other as heretics. Despite having one God, they refused to share the common place of worship, let alone the common place to stay. Since the kingdom of David was torn into two, the Jewish and Samaritan have shared the bloody histories of enmity and violence. The Samaritan dan the Jewish have become the reflections of humanity’s dark side: how people can hate each other and do harm to others because of racial, economic, religious and ideological differences.

By healing both the Jews and the Samaritan, Jesus shows Himself not only as the Saviour of the Jews, but to those who seek Him and have faith in Him. Surely, the nine lepers have faith in Jesus. Yet, greater faith is needed for the Samaritan leper to kneel and admit that his Saviour is a Jewish man. With profound humility comes the great faith. True humility enables him to seek God first, rather than his personal needs and biases, the Healer first, rather the healings. This humility empowers him to set aside all his hatred and prejudices, and bow before Jesus, a Jewish man. While faith may have cured physical disease, humility heals the spiritual leprosy.

The Samaritan leper becomes a point of reflection for all of us. Do we come to the Church because primarily we look for the healing or solutions to our problems, or we seek God? Do we worship Jesus because we feel good and happy about it, or because we do justice to God? What is lacking in us is often not faith, but humility. The humility to see that everything is from God, the humility to put God first before our needs, the humility to make things move according to His plan, not our designs.

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP