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The True Glory

The True Glory

5th Sunday of Lent [B]
March 21, 2021
John 12:20-33

Traditionally, the Gospel of John is divided into two major divisions: the Book of Sign [chapter 1-12] and the Book of Glory [Chapter 13-21]. The book of Sign focuses on the public ministry of Jesus and presents the seven signs of Jesus. In John’s Gospel, Sign is a technical term for a miracle. Jesus’ signs begin with changing water into wine in Cana and reaching its culmination in raising Lazarus from the dead. Meanwhile, the book of Glory tells us how Jesus is glorified. The second part starts with Jesus and his disciples in the Upperroom and culminates in His Passion, death, and resurrection.

Today’s Gospel is coming from John chapter 12, and this chapter serves as a transition between the Book of Signs to the Book of Glory. This is also why the Church selected this reading: to prepare us to enter the Passion Sunday or the Holy Week.

One powerful lesson that we can see in today’s Gospel is how Jesus perceived His Passion and death. Undeniably, He would be crucified and die a horrible death. Crucifixion is a monstrous punishment reserved only for heinous criminals or violent rebels against the Romans. Crucifixion is dreadful because its purpose is to prolong the agony of the condemned before they met their death. On the cross, people are treated even lower than the animals. This is the kind of death that Jesus embraced.

Yet, in John’s Gospel, he did not see His crucifixion as a mere human event but divine providence. Jesus calls His crucifixion the glorification of the Son of Man. Jesus’ view does not only reverse the perspective of the cross but radically transform it. His crucifixion is not just something good or positive, but it is the victorious summit of His life. Jesus declared that the cross is the time of a judgment against the devil, the ruler of the world. Jesus also claimed that the cross is when people from all nations gather as one and receive salvation.

Does it mean Jesus simply dismisses His human side and acts ridiculously tough before the suffering of the cross? Jesus also recognized and admitted His human emotions. We know that Jesus manly faces the horror of His death in the garden of Gethsemane, yet when Jesus was firm to do the Father’s will and to love until the end.

From here, we can learn a profound lesson from Jesus. In following Christ, we might face trials and hardship in life, yet trusting in God’s providence, we can embrace them as our moment of glorification. Trusting in God’s providence is not running from the harsh realities of life, but in fact, it presupposes that we embrace all our humanity. It is not running but resolutely accepting it.

We can always see the lives of our saints. St. Agatha could easily escape death, but she refused to deny Christ and braved the horrifying tortures and death. Her torturers cut her breasts, and she was burned alive. In the eyes of the world, her death was senseless, but for them, it is sharing in the suffering of Christ, and thus, sharing in His Glory.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Kemuliaan Sejati

Kemuliaan Sejati

Minggu ke-5 Prapaskah [B]
21 Maret 2021
Yohanes 12: 20-33

Injil Yohanes biasanya dibagi menjadi dua divisi utama: Buku Tanda-Tanda [bab 1-12] dan Buku Kemuliaan [Bab 13-21]. Buku Tanda-Tanda berfokus pada pelayanan publik Yesus dan juga tujuh ‘tanda’ Yesus. Dalam Injil Yohanes, ‘Tanda’ adalah istilah teknis untuk mukjizat. Tanda-tanda Yesus ini dimulai dengan mengubah air menjadi anggur di Kana dan mencapai puncaknya dengan membangkitkan Lazarus dari kematian. Sedangkan Buku Kemuliaan menjelaskan kepada kita bagaimana Yesus ‘dimuliakan’. Buku kedua dimulai dengan Yesus dan murid-murid-Nya di Ruang Atas dan berpuncak pada sengsara, wafat, dan kebangkitan-Nya.

Injil hari ini diambil dari Yohanes bab 12, dan bab ini berfungsi sebagai transisi antara Buku Tanda-Tanda ke Buku Kemuliaan. Ini juga mengapa Gereja memilih bacaan ini: untuk mempersiapkan kita memasuki Minggu Palma Sengsara Yesus dan Pekan Suci.

Satu pelajaran berharga yang dapat kita lihat dalam Injil hari ini adalah bagaimana Yesus memandang sengsara dan kematian-Nya. Tidak dapat disangkal, Yesus akan disalibkan dan wafat dengan cara yang mengerikan. Penyaliban adalah hukuman mengerikan yang hanya diperuntukkan bagi penjahat kelas berat dan pemberontak terhadap bangsa Romawi. Penyaliban ini mengerikan karena tujuannya adalah untuk memperpanjang penderitaan yang terhukum sebelum mereka menemui ajalnya. Di kayu salib, orang diperlakukan lebih rendah daripada hewan. Ini adalah kematian mengerikan yang Yesus akan rangkul.

Namun, dalam Injil Yohanes, Yesus tidak sekedar melihat penyaliban-Nya sebagai peristiwa manusia belaka tetapi sebagai penyelenggaraan ilahi. Yesus menyebut penyaliban-Nya sebagai kemuliaan Anak Manusia. Pandangan Yesus ini tidak hanya membalikkan perspektif salib tetapi secara radikal mentransformasinya. Penyaliban-Nya, bagi Yesus bukan hanya sesuatu yang baik atau positif, tetapi itu adalah puncak kemenangan dari hidup-Nya. Yesus menyatakan bahwa salib adalah waktu penghakiman terhadap iblis, penguasa dunia [Yoh 12:31]. Yesus juga mengklaim bahwa salib adalah saat orang-orang dari segala bangsa berkumpul menjadi satu dan menerima keselamatan [Yoh 12:32].

Apakah ini berarti Yesus mengabaikan sisi kemanusiaan-Nya dan menekan emosi-Nya sebelum menderita di kayu salib? Tentu tidak! Yesus juga mengenali dan menghidupi emosi manusiawi-Nya. Kita tahu bahwa Yesus menghadapi kengerian kematian-Nya di dalam sakratul maut di taman Getsemani, namun walaupun penuh pergulatan, Yesus tetap teguh untuk melakukan kehendak Bapa dan untuk mengasihi sampai akhir.

Dari sini, kita dapat mendapatkan pelajaran yang sangat berharga dari Yesus. Dalam mengikuti Kristus, kita mungkin menghadapi pencobaan dan kesulitan dalam hidup, namun kita diajak untuk percaya pada penyelenggaraan Tuhan, dan kita dapat merangkul penderitaan kita sebagai momen kemuliaan kita. Percaya pada penyelenggaraan Tuhan bukan berarti lari dari kenyataan hidup, tetapi sebaliknya, hal ini mengandaikan bahwa kita merangkul seluruh kemanusiaan kita.

Kita selalu bisa belajar dari kehidupan para kudus kita. Sebagai contoh, St Agatha dapat dengan mudah lolos dari kematian, tetapi dia menolak untuk menyangkal Kristus dan menantang siksaan dan kematian yang mengerikan. Para penyiksanya memotong payudaranya, dan dia dibakar hidup-hidup. Di mata dunia, kematiannya tidak masuk akal, tetapi bagi mereka, yang berbagi dalam penderitaan Kristus, dan dengan demikian, berbagi dalam Kemuliaan-Nya.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Serpent, the Manna and the Eucharist

The Serpent, the Manna and the Eucharist

Fourth Sunday of Lent [B]
March 14, 2021
John 3:14-21

Today’s Gospel presents us with one of the most cryptic sayings of Jesus, “Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.” To unpack this, we cannot but go back to the Old Testament, especially the Book of Numbers.

In the book of Numbers chapter 21, we will discover Israelites’ story in the desert who complained about God’s given food. They even called Manna from God as the wretched or even worthless food. Indeed, this ungrateful act brought upon themselves a terrible punishment. The seraph serpents assaulted and killed many Israelites. Aware that they were perishing, the Israelites begged for mercy. God instructed Moses to make a bronze serpent and mount it on a pole for people to see. Those who had been bitten saw the bronze serpent and recovered. With this story as a background, Jesus presented Himself like the bronze serpent. He would be lifted on the cross so that those who see Him and believe will receive eternal life.

Yet, there are more! We notice that the reason behind this punishment is that the Israelites failed to appreciate the bread from heaven and even called it worthless. Indeed, that was an act of ingratitude, but it was also an act of the desecration to the heavenly bread itself. No wonder that the punishment was so severe. Interestingly, Jesus pointed out that the Manna in the desert is a type of Eucharistic bread that He would give [see John 6:48-50]. Thus, the incident in Number 21 teaches us a hard lesson about what will happen if we dishonor not only any God’s gift but also the most precious gift, the Body of Christ in the Eucharist.

The one responsible for the death of the Israelites was the seraph serpents. This serpent was not an ordinary snake like cobra or python. The word ‘seraph’ or the ‘burning one’ reminds us of the seraphim, one of the higher echelons of angelic beings. Aside from that, the image of a serpent that attacked humanity brought us to Satan’s first assault against Adam and Eve. The attack against the Israelites in the desert was not merely a natural phenomenon but supernatural. The devil himself wreaked havoc on the people of Israel.

If we connect the dots, we will see the relation between the Manna, the serpent, and the bronze serpent. When the Israelites desecrated the Manna, the seraph serpents broke loose and began their onslaught. The Manna was not only nourishing the Israelites but also protecting them from spiritual harm. If Manna in the desert is a type of the Eucharist, the serpent is the devil, and the bronze serpent is Jesus crucified, we can move one step further. Every time we desecrate the Eucharist, we do not only insult God but also open the gate of hell and let diabolic power overpower us and our societies. This desecration can only be remedied by true repentance and the cross of Jesus.

If we see ourselves, our families, and our communities are falling apart and becoming an easy target of the devil, the root is that we fail to honor the Eucharist. Like the Manna that protected the Israelites against the serpents and nourished them along their journey, the eucharist is our bulwark against the onslaught of the devil, and it is our spiritual food that nourishes and strengthens us in this earthly journey.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Ular, Manna dan Ekaristi

Ular, Manna dan Ekaristi

Minggu Keempat Prapaskah [B]
14 Maret 2021
Yohanes 3: 14-21

Injil hari ini memberi kita salah satu perkataan Yesus yang paling sulit dimengerti, “sama seperti Musa meninggikan ular di padang gurun, demikian juga Anak Manusia harus ditinggikan, supaya setiap orang yang percaya kepada-Nya beroleh hidup yang kekal.” Untuk memahami perkataan ini, kita perlu kembali ke Perjanjian Lama, terutama Kitab Bilangan.

Dalam kitab Bilangan bab 21, kita akan menemukan kisah bani Israel di padang gurun yang mengeluh tentang Manna yang diberikan Tuhan. Mereka bahkan menyebut Manna dari Tuhan tersebut sebagai makanan tidak ada gunanya atau bahkan tidak berharga. Tentunya, tindakan mereka ini membawa hukuman yang mengerikan. Ular tedung menyerang dan membunuh banyak orang Israel. Sadar bahwa mereka akan binasa, orang Israel memohon belas kasihan. Tuhan memerintahkan Musa untuk membuat ular perunggu dan memasangnya di tiang untuk dilihat orang. Mereka yang telah digigit dan melihat ular perunggu itupun pulih. Dengan latar belakang cerita ini, Yesus menampilkan diri-Nya seperti ular perunggu. Dia akan ditinggikan di kayu salib sehingga mereka yang melihat Dia dan percaya akan menerima hidup yang kekal.

Namun, ada hal yang menarik yang kita tidak boleh lewatkan! Jika kita memperhatikan, alasan dari mengapa orang Israel kena hukuman adalah bahwa orang Israel gagal menghargai roti dari surga dan bahkan menyebutnya tidak berharga. Tentunya, ini adalah tindakan tidak tahu berterima kasih, tetapi lebih dalam, ini merupakan tindakan penodaan terhadap roti surgawi itu sendiri. Inilah mengapa hukumannya sangat berat. Yang menarik adalah Yesus menunjukkan bahwa manna di gurun adalah tanda dari roti Ekaristi yang akan Dia berikan [lihat Yoh 6: 48-50]. Jadi, kejadian di Bilangan 21 mengajarkan kita pelajaran pahit apa yang akan terjadi jika kita tidak menghargai anugerah Tuhan, dan terutama anugerah yang paling berharga yakni, Tubuh Kristus dalam Ekaristi.

Yang bertanggung jawab atas kematian orang Israel adalah ular tedung. Jika kita perhatikan, kata ibrani yang digunakan adalah ‘saraph.’ Kata ‘saraph’ atau ‘yang terbakar’ mengingatkan kita pada seraphim, salah satu malaikat di surga. Selain itu, cerita tentang ular yang menyerang umat manusia mengingatkan kita pada serangan pertama Setan terhadap Adam dan Hawa. Ular ini bukanlah ular biasa seperti ular cobra atau ular sanca. Serangan terhadap bangsa Israel di padang gurun bukan hanya fenomena alami, melainkan supranatural. Iblis sendiri yang datang membawa malapetaka bagi orang-orang Israel.

Jika sekarang kita menghubungkan hal-hal ini, kita akan melihat hubungan antara manna, ular ‘saraph’ dan ular perunggu. Ketika orang Israel menodai manna, ular seraph terlepas dan memulai serangan mereka. Manna tidak hanya memberi makan orang Israel, tetapi juga melindungi mereka dari bahaya rohani. Sekarang, jika manna di gurun adalah tanda dari Ekaristi, ular adalah iblis, dan ular perunggu adalah Yesus yang disalibkan, kita bisa melangkah lebih jauh. Setiap kali kita menodai Ekaristi, kita tidak hanya menghina Tuhan, tetapi juga membuka gerbang neraka dan membiarkan kekuatan jahat menguasai kita dan komunitas kita. Penodaan ini hanya dapat diperbaiki dengan pertobatan sejati dan salib Yesus.

Jika kita melihat diri kita sendiri, keluarga kita dan komunitas kita berantakan dan menjadi sasaran empuk iblis, akarnya adalah kita gagal menghormati Ekaristi. Seperti Manna yang melindungi orang Israel dari ular, dan memberi makan mereka sepanjang perjalanan mereka, ekaristi adalah benteng pertahanan kita melawan serangan setan, dan makanan rohani kita yang memelihara dan memperkuat kita dalam perjalanan duniawi ini menuju tanah air surgawi.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Jesus, the New Temple of God

Jesus, the New Temple of God

3rd Sunday of Lent

March 7, 2021

John 2:13-25

We, modern readers, often misunderstand today’s Gospel. This particular Jesus’ story becomes a basis for some to refuse the church building and parish vicinities for non-religious activities, however good its intention is. I personally agree that the inside of the Church’s building is a place set aside for worship and prayer. This is the sacred ground for people to encounter God and experience heaven.

However, today’s Gospel is more complicated than it seems. We tend to assume that Jesus cleansed the Temple from the animal vendors and money traders because Jesus saw them as not originally part of the Temple, but suddenly they were not mushrooming in the Temple’s area. Yet, if we go back to the time of Jesus, animal vendors and coin traders were part of the Temple’s system. The pilgrims from different parts of Palestine and the world streamed to the Temple every day, and though bringing their animal sacrifice was possible, it was not practical. The animals certainly would add inconvenient burdens, and they might get some brushes or injuries along the way. With the wounds or damages, the animals were no longer fit for the sacrifice. Thus, to offer a solution to these weary pilgrims, vendors in Jerusalem were ready to help by providing a healthy and worthy animal sacrifice.

Money changers are also tied to the Temple. To support the upkeep of the Temple, pilgrims were to donate some money, yet the Temple did not accept the Roman coins. Temple’s authority perceived the coins were a sign of foreign oppression. They are also considered blasphemous because the coin recognized Caesar as divine. Meanwhile, the Jews were not allowed to mint their coins. As a solution, they were accepting coins from the neighboring city of Tyre. Here comes the role of the coin traders. Without animal sellers and money exchange service, the Temple of Jerusalem would not perform as it should be. We can imagine how difficult it is to produce our own wine and bread for the celebration of the Eucharist.

Ordinarily, the animal vendors and coin traders were located near but outside the Temple. Yet, the problem began when the Temple’s authorities allowed these sellers to be inside the temple area, especially around the court of the gentiles. Jesus was doing what is right. However, farthest from the inner sanctuary, the court of the gentiles is still an integral part of the Temple and remains a place of prayer, especially for those non-Jewish people who believed in the God of Israel.

Jesus wanted to protect the house of God as a house of prayer and worship and desired that the Gentiles have a place in this house of prayer. While unfortunately, the Temple of Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 AD by the Roman empire, Jesus’ vision lives on. His desire to unite the nations in prayer and worship of the true God is realized and achieved perfection in His body, the new Temple of God.

Where do we find now the Body [and Blood] of Christ? It is in the Eucharist. In the Eucharist, people from different nations and languages gather to offer worthy worship to the true God. Every time we celebrate the Eucharist, we become the living testimony of this Jesus’ vision of worship for all nations. We can worship the true God because Jesus prepares the place for us.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Photocredit: John Applegate

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