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Author: Romo Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno OP

Emas, Mur dan Kemenyan

Emas, Mur dan Kemenyan

Epifani [A]
8 Januari 2023
Matius 2:1-12

Kisah orang Majus memiliki apa yang diperlukan untuk menjadi kisah petualangan yang luar biasa. Kisah ini dimulai dengan perjalanan panjang dan penuh tantangan orang-orang Majus dari timur yang mencari harta karun yang besar, yaitu Raja yang baru lahir. Ada juga bintang misterius yang membimbing mereka. Kemudian, tokoh antagonis, dalam diri Herodes, muncul. Dia tampaknya seorang pria yang suka menolong dan tulus, tetapi diam-diam menyembunyikan niat jahatnya dan berencana untuk menghancurkan Raja sejati. Kemudian kejutan! Para Majus menemukan sang Raja mereka pada kondisi yang paling tak terduga: bukan di istana, tapi di rumah sederhana, bukan dalam kekayaan, tetapi dari keluar sederhana, bukan raja biasa, tapi Sang Imanuel, Allah-bersama-kita. Kemudian, sebagai penutup, orang-orang Majus berhasil lolos dari raja gila karena mereka diperingatkan dalam mimpi dan kembali ke negara mereka sendiri melalui jalan yang berbeda dan lebih aman.

Matius adalah seorang narator yang jenius, dan mengizinkan kita, para pembacanya, untuk menjadi bagian dari cerita ini. Sebagian besar dari kita bisa dengan mudah mengidentifikasi diri kita dengan orang-orang Majus. Ia juga membiarkan beberapa elemen ceritanya ‘tidak lengkap’ sehingga kita bisa mengisinya dengan interpretasi dan imajinasi kita. Salah satunya adalah tiga persembahan orang Majus. Lalu, mengapa mereka mempersembahkan emas, kemenyan, dan mur?

Salah satu jawaban paling awal berasal dari St. Irenaeus (sekitar 200 M). Dia mengatakan bahwa tiga persembahan itu mewakili identitas dan misi Kristus. Emas adalah salah satu logam yang paling berharga, dan ini menjadi simbol dari Kristus Sang Raja. Kemenyan berkualitas tinggi juga merupakan sesuatu yang berharga digunakan untuk ritual keagamaan, dan ini menjadi simbol keilahian dan imamat Kristus. Sementara itu, mur adalah rempah-rempah berharga yang digunakan dalam penguburan (lihat Yoh 19:39), dan ini merujuk pada kematian dan kodrat manusia Yesus. St. Thomas Aquinas dari abad ke-13, dalam tafsirannya tentang Injil Matius, menjelaskan bahwa pemberian-pemberian ini memiliki tujuan yang lebih praktis. Emas adalah untuk membantu Keluarga Kudus yang berkekurangan secara finansial. Mur mungkin digunakan untuk menghangatkan tubuh bayi, dan kemenyan untuk menghilangkan bau tidak enak.

Penafsiran lain yang menarik adalah bahwa emas, mur, dan kemenyan adalah bahan yang digunakan dalam alkimia dan sihir kuno. Orang Majus (dari kata ‘magos’ dan akar kata ‘magic’) diyakini terlibat dalam kegiatan sihir, tetapi ketika mereka menemukan Yesus, mereka memutuskan untuk meninggalkan hal-hal ini dan menemukan cara baru dalam hidup mereka. Dengan demikian, karunia-karunia ini melambangkan pertobatan orang Majus kepada iman yang sejati.

Namun, secara pribadi saya cenderung ke arah penafsiran yang paling sederhana. Orang Majus mempersembahkan benda-benda ini karena hal-hal ini adalah benda-benda yang paling berharga yang mereka miliki saat itu. Mereka mempersembahkan yang terbaik yang mereka miliki kepada Raja sejati. Ini adalah sikap yang tepat untuk menghormati sang raja dan juga menyembah Tuhan. Di dalam Alkitab, tindakan penyembahan melibatkan persembahan yang terbaik yang kita miliki kepada Tuhan. Orang Majus menemukan Allah yang benar dan menyembah-Nya. Hal ini mengubah hidup mereka dan membawa sukacita dan keselamatan bagi mereka.

Kisah Epifani menyadarkan kita bahwa umat manusia memiliki tujuan, yaitu untuk menemukan Tuhannya. Kita sangat diberkati karena kita telah menemukan Allah kita. Namun, pertanyaannya adalah: apakah kita ingin menyembah Dia? Apa yang akan kita persembahkan kepada-Nya? Apakah kita bersedia memberikan hal-hal yang paling berharga dalam hidup kita? Apakah kita ingin hidup kita diubahkan? Sampai kita mempersembahkan emas, mur, dan kemenyan kita, itu belum mencapai akhir yang bahagia dan mulia.

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Gold, Myrrh and Frankincense

Gold, Myrrh and Frankincense

The Epiphany [A]
January 8, 2023
Matthew 2:1-12

The story has what it takes to be magical. It begins with a long and adventurous journey of people searching for a great treasure, the new-born King. There is also a mysterious star that guides them. Then, the antagonist, in the person of Herod, appears. He seems to be a helpful and sincere guy, but secretly hides his evil intention and plot to destroy the true King. Here comes the twist. The main characters discover their King in the most unexpected way: a little child in a humble house with His poor family, yet He is also Emmanuel, God-with-us. Then, for the finale, the Magi barely escape the mad king as they are warned in a dream and return to their own countries through a different and safer way.

Matthew is a genius storyteller, and allows us, his readers, to be part of the story. Most of us can easily identify ourselves with the Magi. He also leaves some elements ‘incomplete’ so that we may fill them in with our interpretation and imagination. One of those is the Magi’s gifts. Why do they offer gold, frankincense, and myrrh?

One of the earliest answers comes from St. Irenaeus (ca. 200 AD). He said that the gifts represent the identity and mission of Christ. Gold is one of the most precious and expensive metals, and this is for His kingship. Frankincense is a resin from a particular plant and is commonly used for religious ritual, and this is the symbol of His divinity and priesthood. Meanwhile, myrrh is a spice used in burial (see John 19:39), and this points to His death and human nature. St. Thomas Aquinas in his commentary on Matthew explained that these gifts served practical purposes. Gold is to support the Holy Family, who was poor. Myrrh may be used to warm the baby’s body, and frankincense to remove the stench.

Another interesting interpretation is that gold, myrrh, and frankincense are materials used in ancient alchemy and sorcery. Magi (from ‘magos’ and the root word of ‘magic’) were believed to be involved in magical activities, but when they discover Jesus, they decide to give up these things and find a new way in their lives. Thus, these gifts represent the conversion of the Magi to true faith.

However, I am personally inclined towards the simplest interpretation. The Magi offered these items because these gifts were the most precious things in their possessions. They offered the best they had to the true King. This is a fitting gesture of honoring a king as well as worshiping God. In the Bible, acts of worship involve offering the best we have to God. The Magi discovered the true God and worshipped Him. This transformed their lives and brought them joy and salvation.

The story of Epiphany tells us that the human race has a purpose, that is to find its God. We are extremely blessed because we have discovered our God. Yet, the question is: do we wish to worship Him? What will we offer to Him? Are we willing to give the most precious things in our lives? Do we desire our lives to be transformed? Until we offer our gold, myrrh, and frankincense, it is not yet a glorious ending.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Mary and her Motherhood

Mary and her Motherhood

Solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God [A]
January 1, 2023
Luke 2:16-21

After eight days (octave) we ponder the mystery of our Savior’s birth, we turn our eyes to the woman who gave birth to the Savior. Therefore, exactly on January 1, we celebrate the solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God. It is once again an opportunity to clarify some misconceptions about this important dogma, as well as to deepen our understanding on her motherhood.

The title mother of God for Mary does not mean that she is a god-mother who created other deities. Neither she is a goddess-wife of God the Father. The Church always teaches that Mary is not a god, but a human being. To understand better, we look closely the word ‘mother’. A mother is someone who has a person in her womb and eventually give birth to that person. Mary had the second person of the Trinity in her womb, and in due course, gave birth to Him. Thus, as simple logical conclusion, Mary is the mother of Jesus, the Second Person of the Trinity. In short, Mary is the Mother of God.

However, being a mother is not only about getting pregnant and giving birth. A true mother is a woman who also raises, nourishes and educates her children. Mary did not stop when she gave birth to Jesus in Bethlehem. She did not leave Jesus on the manger and went away. She did not abandon baby Jesus to the Magi or to Herod’s army. With Joseph, Mary protected, nurtured and ‘made big’ Jesus. In fact, Mary was faithful to follow Jesus to His cross and tomb.

How did Mary perceive her identity as a mother? We recognize that when Mary received Jesus in her womb, she was entering extremely perilous situations. She could lose her life because people may stone her, or Herod’s soldiers may arrest and kill her. She endured the life of exile in Egypt, and had to contain with life of poverty. But, did she regret her decision?

The answer we can get from Mary’s song, ‘Magnificat’. “My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior… (Luk 1:46–47)” In Hebrew language, the term ‘my soul’ or ‘my spirit’ is another way to say ‘I’. Thus, Mary said, “I magnifies the Lord, and I rejoices in God my Savior.” Interesting to note is the word ‘magnify’ or literally ‘make big’. What does it mean ‘Mary makes big the Lord’? The Greek word is ‘μεγαλύνω (- megaluno)’ and it is related to Hebrew word ‘גָּדַל’ (- gadal) which means to become physically mature. Therefore, what Mary said is that she physically nourishes the Lord in her womb as well as to make sure the Lord grow into maturity. And in her role as a mother of the Lord, she rejoiced exceedingly.

Mary becomes an antithesis to modern toxic maternity. In our time, many separate sexualities with pro-creation, and even consider fertility as disease. Many see being a mother and having a child are unnecessary burden that must be avoided and disposed. Mary saw things the opposite way. Despite life-threatening situations, Mary accepted her motherhood as integral part of her identity as woman. She saw Jesus in her womb as great blessing, and her participation in God’s will. She knew well only when she fulfilled God’s plan, she found her true joy.

Happy Mothers’ Day!
And
Happy New Year!

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Christmas and Eucharist

Christmas and Eucharist

Nativity of the Lord (A)

December 25, 2022

Luke 2:1-14

For the ancient Jews, simply saying ‘thank you’ was never enough to express gratitude. As a token of gratitude, they would set aside the best produce from their fields or livestock and prepare it as a food offering. This offering must be real and tangible, otherwise it is meaningless. The more valuable the produce they offered, the greater the sign of gratitude. From this, we can understand why they offered their crops or livestock as sacrifices to God as a form of their worship. Since God gives us everything in life, He deserves the best that we have. The crops and livestock were the best offerings they could give as a sign of gratitude to God at that time.

If we recall the story of Cain and Abel, these two brothers were the first humans in the Bible to worship God by offering two types of sacrifices: crops and animals. Abel offered the best part of the animal sacrifices, but Cain only brought mediocre things to God. As a result, God was not pleased with Cain’s half-hearted effort. Unfortunately, Cain did not learn from his mistake, but chose to rebel against God by killing his own brother. (see Gen 4)

Now, what does this have to do with Christmas? We must first ask why God chose to become man and investigate the circumstances of His birth. He had the power to choose the best place on earth to be His birthplace, but He chose to be among the animals. Why? John the Baptist years later revealed Jesus’ identity, “Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! (Jn 1:29)” He was born among animals because He is the “Lamb of God”. It is also interesting to note that Bethlehem was not far from Jerusalem, and many of the sheep and lambs raised in Bethlehem were eventually brought to Jerusalem and offered as sacrifices in the Jerusalem Temple. And just as the animals from Bethlehem’s pasture were offered in Jerusalem, Jesus, the Lamb of God, born in Bethlehem would be the perfect sacrifice in Jerusalem.

The celebration of Christmas connects us to the truth that nothing we have will ever be enough to express our gratitude to God. Even when we offer our lives, it is never enough. However, we do not despair, because God Himself provides the solution for us. Jesus became a man so that He could be the most acceptable offering to God for us.

Now, why do we call our worship liturgy the Eucharist? The word Eucharist from the Greek εὐχαριστία, means thanksgiving, and this basically relates to how our ancestors in the Old Testament worshiped and gave thanks to God. In the Eucharist, the body and blood of Christ, the effect of the sacrifice of the cross, become present, and we offer this Jesus as a perfect thanksgiving offering to God. Just as Abel offered a pleasing sacrifice, in the Eucharist, we offer a far more perfect sacrifice of thanksgiving. It is only when we participate in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ that our gratitude has true meaning, and our worship is pleasing to the Father.  And this worship of gratitude is possible because of the mystery of the Incarnation in Christmas.

Whenever we celebrate Christmas, we rejoice not because we receive gifts, or have a long vacation. We rejoice because the baby Jesus has made possible our participation in the most beautiful mystery of thanksgiving. In every Mass, let us remember that what we offer to God is the same Jesus who was born in Bethlehem during Christmas.

Merry and Joyful Christmas!

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

To Name God

To Name God

4th Sunday of Advent [A]
December 18, 2022
Matthew 1:18-24

To name and to have a name is unique to human beings. To name someone or something is not just a sign of intellectual capacity, but it is also an exercise of authority. When you name someone, in certain way, the person is under your influence. When someone calls our names, immediately and automatically, our attention is drawn to the caller. Surely, we have the choice to set aside this call, but the closer that person to us, the harder it gets to ignore the call. When my mother calls me, my body instinctively moves towards her and listen to what she has to say. That’s how powerful my mother is!

The power of naming belongs primarily to God. In the story of creation, when God named something, it came to existence. When He said, ‘light’, the light came to being. Since God named all creations and brought them into existence, He has the absolute authority over all creatures. Yet, in His providence, God shared this power of naming to men and women. As the authority was shared to humans, they also possessed authority over other creatures.

However, this power is not absolute. Human persons cannot name something beyond them, like angels and surely, God Himself. Thus, to name God is one of the most elusive things in the Old Testament. The patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob have attempted to ask His name, but they failed. The closest one is Moses when he asked the name of the Lord in Sinai, and the Lord answered, “I am who I am” (Exo 3:14). It is like saying, ‘none of your business’. God Himself put as a second commandment, “You shall not take My name in vain.” (see Exo 20). Thus, when the Israelites read the Bible and discovered the holy name of God ‘יהוה’, they would prefer to pronounce ‘Adonai’ (my Lord) or ‘ha-Sem’ (the name). Even, the pronunciation ‘Yahweh’ is an interpretation.

However, as we begin the story of the New Testament, something unexpectedly happened. Joseph and Mary were given the authority to name not just any creature, not just any man, not just any baby. They were to name God-become-flesh, the Creator Himself. They shall name Him Jesus, because ‘He will save His people’. Indeed, the name Jesus is related to the Hebrew word, “יְשׁוּעָה” (roughly: yesuah), meaning ‘salvation or victory’.

The naming of Jesus becomes the breakthrough between God and humans. God does not only want men and women to participate in the work of creation and the authority over lower creatures, but God wishes that we take part in the work of salvation. The former is at the natural level, but the latter is supernatural. As God shared to Joseph and Mary the task to name Jesus, our salvation, so also, Jesus shared to His Church is to name the grace that brings redemption.

When a man and a woman promise fidelity and totality to each other in the name of the Lord, God himself binds them until death, and grace of holiness flows in their marriage and family. When a priest offers the mass, and says the words of consecration, the bread and the wine become the real body and blood of Jesus, and God is truly present among us (Emmanuel). When a priest pronounces the words of absolution, and the penitent is truly asking God’s mercy, the forgiveness of sin takes place. When parents bless their children in the name of the Lord, God’s blessing remains with the children.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

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