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Divine Mercy and Sacrament of Confession

Divine Mercy and Sacrament of Confession

Second Sunday of Easter [A]

Divine Mercy Sunday

April 15, 2023

John 20:19-31

On April 30, 2000, Pope St. John Paul II has declared the Second Sunday of Easter as the Divine Mercy Sunday. Then, the question is “Why did St. John Paul II choose second Sunday of Easter as the Divine Mercy Sunday?” Partially, the answer is related to the diary of St. Faustina, who recorded Jesus’ instruction to make the second Sunday of Easter as the divine Mercy Sunday. Through St. Faustina, Jesus did not only ask to create the divine Mercy Sunday, but also invite the faithful to make confessions and receive the communion in this day. However, what makes the second Sunday of Easter is worth to be called the Divine Mercy Sunday is the Gospel of the day. Let’s explore further.

John the evangelist narrated the two appearances of the risen Christ to His disciples, at the Sunday of resurrection and the following Sunday. Obviously, the connecting protagonist is St. Thomas, apostle. However, aside from the story of Thomas, there is a particular detail that we often miss. Jesus rose from the dead to give this particular grace of the Holy Spirit to His Church, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I send you.” And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained (John 20:21-23).”

Jesus came not only to show His resurrection and offered peace to His fearful disciples. He sent His disciples as the Father sent Jesus to the world. As He commissioned His disciples, Jesus breathed on them the Holy Spirit. This Jesus’ act is particularly re-enactment of what God did when God made the first humans alive (see Gen 2:7). Thus, He came to recreate His disciples and to send them for a mission. What’s mission?

It is the mission to forgive sins, or the mission of mercy. Jesus particularly recreated His disciples as to enable them to receive the divine power, that is to forgive sins. We recall in the Gospel that Jesus was accused as blasphemy when He forgave sins because the Pharisees recognized that the forgiveness of sins is God’s prerogative. Yet, Jesus rose from the dead and proved His divine nature. Thus, He indeed possesses the authority to forgive sins. But, He does not stop there. He wills that His Church continue His mission of mercy, and thus, He shares this divine authority to His disciples.

This is the biblical foundation of the sacrament of reconciliation. This event also answers an objection, “why do we need to confess our sins and ask forgiveness to another sinful man?” The answer is simple: because God wills it to be so. It is true that men have no power to forgive sins, but the situation radically changes when God shares this divine authority to His representatives on earth and commissions them to bring more and more people to the divine Mercy.

In fact, the practice of confession of sins has been practiced since the primitive Church. St. James recorded in his letter that the faithful were confessing their sins before the Church and the prayer of the righteous men, that is, the elders of the Church, would bring healing and forgiveness (see James 5:14-16). Throughout the centuries, the rite of the sacrament of reconciliation has indeed evolved, but it retains its basic structure, that is, contrition, confession and satisfaction (see CCC 1448). More fundamentally, the sacrament remains the testament of God’s Mercy to us.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Resurrection and Our Faith

The Resurrection and Our Faith

Easter Sunday [A]

April 9, 2023

John 20:1-9

Easter Sunday is the summit of the Holy Week. Jesus’ triumph over death is the culmination of the drama of salvation. The resurrection is the foundation of our faith. Why then is Jesus’ resurrection foundational to our belief and our religion?

St. Paul gives us the answer, “and if Christ has not been raised, your faith is vain; you are still in your sins (1 Cor 15:17).” Had not Jesus risen from the dead, all what He had said, would have been a terrible lie. His claim to divinity would have been nothing but a blasphemy. His promise to save us from the slavery of sins would have been an empty words. His prophecy that he would rise on the third day would have been an delusion. He could have been nothing but an unfortunate man who suffered on the cross. 

However, Jesus rose from the dead! All what He said is true and fulfilled. He is truly a divine Messiah who redeemed His people from the bondage of sins. He is the fulfillment of the Old Testament’s prophecies. All His teachings and commandments have a divine origin and are binding universally and eternally. His Church that He founded upon the apostles is real and becomes a means to bring people to holiness.

This is why we are rejoicing. In Easter Sunday, we know with certainty that our faith is not empty. Our God is a true God. Our Church is truly divinely instituted. Our religion is surely not a false religion. We have definitely been redeemed.

This is year’s Holy Week, I am privileged to visit the city of Turin, northern Italy. This city is not only famous for its beauty but also for its precious relic, the Shroud of Turin. The Shroud is believed to be the burial cloth of Jesus Christ Himself. What is unique about this shroud is that it preserves the negative image of Jesus’ body. It is considered miraculous because the technology of negative imaging is relatively new, and ancient people had no possible way to produce it. Thus, it is suggested that the image was created during the event of resurrection. As Jesus resurrected, His glorious body emitted extraordinary light, and as a consequence, a negative copy of Jesus’ body was produced. The Church has not made any definitive pronouncement on the Shroud of Turin, except that is an object of religious devotion. However, if the shroud is authentic, then it is the physical evidence of  Jesus’ resurrection.

However, though we have been redeemed, it does not mean that we can slack off. We must remember also that His resurrection proves to us that His teachings and commandments possess divine authority and thus, they are binding us universally and eternally. If we are not living according to His words, then we will bear the consequences eternally. If He commands us to love another as He has loved us, then we have to take this seriously. If Jesus teaches us to forgive our enemies, we do not have much option, but to do our best to forgive. If Jesus reveals that marriage cannot be dissolved, then we have to do our best to prepare our marriages into a school of love and holiness, and to support them in times of trials and temptations. 

Easter is a great time to rejoice because the Lord has truly risen, and the same time, the best time to convert our great joy into enthusiasm to become a better and holier disciples of Jesus.

Blessed Easter!

Turino

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Mengapa Daun Palma

Mengapa Daun Palma

Minggu Palma Mengenangkan Sengsara Tuhan
2 April 2023
Matius 21:1-11

Minggu Palma menandakan dimulainya pekan suci dalam liturgi Gereja. Pada saat yang sama, perayaan liturgi pada hari Minggu ini merupakan salah satu yang paling unik di antara hari Minggu lainnya. Hari ini dinamakan ‘Minggu Palma Mengenangkan Sengsara Tuhan’ karena ada dua bacaan Injil yang berbeda: Yesus yang memasuki kota Yerusalem dan Kisah Sengsara dari Injil Sinoptik (Matius, Markus, atau Lukas, tergantung pada tahun liturgi). Namun, jika kita membaca Injil Matius ini dengan cermat, kita tidak akan menemukan kata ‘palma’. Jadi, di manakah kita dapat menemukan kata ‘Palma’?

Sebelum kita menjawab pertanyaan ini, saya akan berbagi sedikit pengalaman pribadi saya dengan Minggu Palma. Pengalaman pertama saya dengan kegiatan kudus ini tentu saja di Indonesia, secara khusus di Jawa. Umat akan membawa daun palma ke Gereja untuk diberkati dan kemudian dibawa pulang untuk diletakkan pada salib. Jenis daun yang biasa digunakan adalah dari palem bambu. Dulu saya percaya bahwa ini adalah satu-satunya jenis ranting dan daun yang digunakan Gereja di seluruh dunia. Namun, ketika saya datang ke Filipina untuk pendidikan imamat, saya menemukan bahwa orang Filipina menggunakan daun pohon kelapa. Kemudian, ketika saya datang ke Roma, saya menemukan bahwa umat beriman menggunakan jenis ranting yang berbeda-beda!

Kembali ke pertanyaan kita, ‘di mana kita menemukan palma dalam Injil?’ Jawabannya adalah tidak dalam Injil Sinoptik, tetapi dalam Injil Yohanes (lihat Yoh 12:13). Namun, meskipun bacaan Injil hari ini tidak menyebutkan kata “palma,” kemungkinan besar banyak orang di Yerusalem yang menggunakan ranting-ranting palma karena pohon kurma (juga termasuk jenis pohon palma) berlimpah di daerah tersebut. Namun, pertanyaan yang paling penting adalah ‘mengapa kita menggunakan ranting dan daun pohon palma?’

Dalam Perjanjian Lama, Mazmur 118:25-27 menggambarkan bagaimana orang-orang menyambut Mesias dengan arak-arakan ranting-ranting pohon saat Dia memasuki Yerusalem. Demikian pula dalam 1 Makabe 13:51, orang-orang Yerusalem memasuki benteng dengan ranting-ranting pohon palma setelah musuh-musuh mereka diusir. Kisah-kisah ini menggambarkan bahwa ranting-ranting pohon, terutama palma, adalah simbol kedatangan Mesias dan kemenangan-Nya.

Namun, jika kita melihat dari sudut pandang yang lebih luas, kehadiran ranting-ranting pohon dalam peristiwa masuknya Yesus ke Yerusalem menjadi simbol akan misi keselamatan-Nya. Pada mulanya, Adam dan Hawa tinggal di taman di mana berbagai macam tanaman dan pohon tumbuh. Dosa dan ketidaktaatan mereka yang pertama adalah memakan buah dari sebuah pohon. Sekarang, dalam penebusan-Nya, Yesus membalikkan kutukan itu. Sengsara-Nya dimulai di taman Getsemani. Tindakan kasih dan ketaatan-Nya yang terakhir juga melibatkan pohon (kayu salib).

Saat kita memegang dahan palma, semoga ini tidak menjadi ritual tahunan untuk pamer. Palma mengingatkan kita akan komitmen kita untuk berpartisipasi dalam misi penebusan Yesus, untuk berjalan ke dalam sengsara-Nya, dan memikul salib kita masing-masing bersama-Nya. Hal ini tidak pernah mudah, tetapi kita tidak pernah sendirian dan pahala yang akan kita terima tidak dapat kita bayangkan. Semoga kita juga terinspirasi oleh saudara-saudari kita yang memilih untuk mati bagi Kristus, dan bukannya hidup menyangkal Dia. Para martir ini telah berjuang dalam pertandingan yang baik, telah sampai pada garis akhir, dan telah memelihara iman (lih 2 Tim. 4:7). Sekarang, mereka telah menerima daun-daun palma sebagai tanda kemenangan mereka (lihat Why. 7:9)!

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Why Palm

Why Palm

Palm Sunday of the Lord’s Passion

April 2, 2023

Matthew 21:1-11

Palm Sunday signals the beginning of the most sacred week in the liturgy of the Church. At the same time, the liturgical celebration of this Sunday is one of the most unique among the other Sundays. The day is named Palm Sunday of the Lord’s Passion because it includes two different Gospel readings: the triumphant entrance of Jesus to Jerusalem and the Passion Narrative from the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, or Luke, depending on the liturgical year). However, if we carefully read today’s Gospel, we will not find the word ‘palm’. So, where do we find ‘Palm’?

Before we answer this question, I will share a little of my personal experience with Palm Sunday. My first experience with this solemn event is surely in my own country Indonesia. There, people will bring palm branches to the Church to be blessed and later, we bring these home to be placed on our crucifixes. The type of branches commonly used are from areca palms or bamboo palms. I used to believe that this is the only type branch the Church uses worldwide. Yet, when I come to the Philippines for my priestly formation, I discover that the Filipinos make use of coconut palm branches. Then, when I come to Rome, I find out that the faithful are using different kind of branches!

Going back to our question, ‘where do we find palm in the gospel?’ The answer is that not in the synoptic gospels but in the Gospel of John (see John 12:13). However, while today’s Gospel reading does not mention the word “palm,” it is likely that many people in Jerusalem used palm branches because date palm trees were abundant in the area. Yet, the most important question remains ‘why do we use palm branches?’

In the Old Testament, Psalm 118:25-27 describes how people would welcome the Messiah with a procession of branches when he entered Jerusalem. Similarly, in 1 Maccabees 13:51, people of Jerusalem entered the citadel with palm branches after their enemies were driven out. These stories illustrate that tree branches, especially palm, are symbols of the coming of the Messiah and his victory.

However, if we see from a bigger perspective, the presence of branches in Jesus’ entry to Jerusalem becomes a powerful symbol of His mission of salvation. In the beginning, Adam and Eve lived in the garden where various plants grew. Their first sin and disobedience involved the tree. Now, in His redemption reverses the curse. His Passion begins in the garden of Gethsemane. His final act of love and obedience involve the tree of the cross.

As we are holding our palm branches, may it not become a meaningless annual ritual. They remind us on our commitment to participate in mission of Jesus’ redemption, to walk into His Passion, and to carry our own crosses with Him. It is never easy, but we are never alone and the reward is beyond our imagination. May we be inspired also by our brothers and sisters who chose to die for Christ, rather live denying Him. These martyrs have fought a good fight, have finished the race, and have kept the faith (see 2 Tim 4:7).  Now, they have received the palm branches as the sign of their victory (see Rev 7:9)!

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Lazarus dan Sakramen Krisma

Lazarus dan Sakramen Krisma

Minggu ke-5 Masa Prapaskah [A]

26 Maret 2023

Yohanes 11:1-45

Ada tujuh tanda (atau mukjizat) dalam Injil Yohanes, dan Gereja telah mengenali bahwa ketujuh mukjizat ini berhubungan dengan ketujuh sakramen. Minggu lalu, kita telah melihat bahwa penyembuhan orang yang buta sejak lahir menjadi tanda dari sakramen Baptisan (lih. Yoh 9:1-41). Sekarang, kita menemukan mukjizat Yesus yang lain, yaitu kebangkitan Lazarus. Mukjizat ini berhubungan dengan sakramen penguatan atau krisma. Mari kita simak penjelasannya.

Sakramen krisma sering kali disalahpahami dan bahkan diabaikan. Ada banyak alasan kenapa hal ini terjadi. Beberapa dari kita mungkin merasa bahwa sakramen ini tidak terlalu dibutuhkan. Kita merasa bahwa kita sudah memenuhi tugas kita ketika kita dibaptis, pergi ke Misa sesekali, dan mungkin pergi ke pengakuan dosa setahun sekali. Yang lainnya menerima katekese yang tidak memadai, dan oleh karena itu, pemahaman kita tentang sakramen ini sangat terbatas dan bahkan salah. Yang lainnya tidak ingin merepotkan diri dengan serangkaian katekese dan pembekalan sebelum menerima sakramen Penguatan. Yang lainnya lagi menerima sakramen tanpa katekese yang memadai karena pernikahan mereka sudah dekat. Dengan demikian, banyak yang melihat krisma sebagai sakramen ‘kelas dua’.

Namun, anggapan ini tidak benar sama sekali. Gereja terus mengajarkan bahwa sakramen ini memiliki peran yang tak tergantikan dalam kehidupan umat beriman. Krisma adalah sakramen kedua dari tiga sakramen inisiasi Gereja (bersama dengan baptisan dan Ekaristi). Ini berarti, untuk menjadi anggota Gereja yang utuh dan dewasa, kita harus menerima rahmat Roh Kudus yang diterima dalam sakramen krisma. Sekarang, bagaimana Injil hari ini berhubungan dengan sakramen krisma?

Pertama, Lazarus, bersama dengan Maria dan Marta, memiliki persahabatan yang penuh kasih dengan Yesus sebelum mukjizat terjadi. Kondisi ini menunjukkan kepada kita bahwa Lazarus adalah simbol orang Kristen yang telah dibaptis yang hidup di dalam Kristus. Kedua, kematian Lazarus dan kebangkitannya menunjuk kepada kehidupan baru di dalam Roh. Yohanes Penginjil menceritakan secara eksplisit bahwa Lazarus telah berada di dalam kubur selama empat hari (Yoh 11:17). Ini adalah detail kecil namun penting. Lazarus benar-benar telah meninggal, dan jiwanya tidak lagi bersama dengan tubuhnya. Dengan demikian, mukjizat Yesus adalah tindakan ilahi yang menghidupkan kembali, menyatukan tubuh dan jiwa. Memang benar bahwa Roh Kudus tidak disebutkan, tetapi mukjizat Yesus membawa kita kembali kepada penciptaan manusia di mana Roh Allah aktif dan memberi kehidupan.

Terakhir, mukjizat ini memiliki dampak yang permanen pada diri Lazarus. Setelah kembali dari kematian, Lazarus menjadi saksi hidup akan kuasa dan kasih Yesus. Karena kesaksian Lazarus, banyak orang datang kepada Yesus dan percaya kepada-Nya. Dan karena alasan yang sama, Lazarus menghadapi penganiayaan dari musuh-musuh Yesus [lih. Yoh 12:9-11]. Namun, Lazarus tidak menjadi pengecut. Dia telah mengalami kematian, tetapi bahkan kematian pun tidak dapat memisahkannya dari kasih Kristus.

Apa yang terjadi pada Lazarus juga terjadi pada kita. Ketika kita dibaptis, kita menerima persahabatan yang penuh kasih dengan Kristus. Namun, dalam sakramen krisma, jiwa kita menerima karunia-karunia Roh Kudus dan kita menjadi orang Kristen yang dewasa. Kita sekarang telah menjadi saksi Yesus Kristus yang hidup dan membawa lebih banyak orang kepada Tuhan. Kita juga diberdayakan untuk menanggung penderitaan dan penganiayaan karena Kristus, dengan sabar dan berani.

Inilah sebabnya mengapa sebelum menerima sakramen perkawinan atau sakramen imamat, kita perlu menerima sakramen peneguhan. Perkawinan dan imamat adalah sakramen pelayanan dan kesaksian, yang membawa orang lain lebih dekat kepada kekudusan. Oleh karena itu, hanya orang-orang Kristen yang sungguh dewasa yang layak untuk melakukan tugas-tugas ini. Kita tidak hanya dipanggil untuk menjadi sahabat-sahabat Yesus, tetapi juga menjadi saksi-saksi-Nya yang berani di dunia, dan sakramen krisma ini menjadikan kita saksi-saksi-Nya.

Roma

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

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