3rd Sunday of Easter [A]
April 23, 2023
Luke 24:13-35

Two of Jesus’ disciples went to a village called Emmaus. One of them was Cleopas, and his traveling companion was probably his own wife, Mary [see John 19:25]. Why did they go to Emmaus? Perhaps they were afraid of the Roman and Jewish authorities who were pursuing the disciples after Jesus’ body was found missing. Therefore, they hid in Emmaus. Another reason was hopelessness. Although the Gospels do not explicitly say that Emmaus was the hometown of Cleopas, there is a high probability that Emmaus was indeed his hometown. Their hopes and expectations were shattered when Jesus, their expected Messiah, was betrayed and crucified. They no longer had any reason to stay in Jerusalem. Finally, they decided to leave the other disciples and return to their home in Emmaus.

However, Jesus had a special plan for them. On the way, Jesus appeared to them, although they could not recognize Him. Jesus started a dialog by asking them how they were doing. In sadness, they began to tell Him how they expected Jesus to redeem Israel, but He failed, and died on the cross. Even in their disappointment, Cleopas only regarded Jesus as a prophet, no longer the Messiah. Then, Jesus rebuked them for their slowness to believe what the Old Testament prophets had foretold about the Messiah. Then, Jesus began to explain ‘Moses and the prophets’ (i.e. the Old Testament Scriptures) to them. This was the first post-resurrection bible study and was given by Jesus himself!

Luke gives us interesting details on how Jesus’ method of conducting a bible study. “Then he explained to them what was written about him in all the Scriptures… [Lk 24:27].” The center of gravity of this bible study is Jesus. He shows how Moses and the prophets had prophesied about Him, and how now Jesus has fulfilled those prophecies through His suffering, death, and resurrection. In Church tradition, this method is called ‘typological catechesis’ [cf. CCC 129). Simply put, typology is a way of seeing Old Testament characters, places and events fulfilled in the New Testament, particularly in Jesus Christ. In fact, the early Church also used this method of Jesus right on. For example, Paul in his letters, referred to Jesus as the new Adam or the second Adam [cf. Romans 5:12-21; 1 Cor 15:45-49]. However, Jesus is more than just the new Adam. He is also the new Moses, the new David, and many more.

However, Jesus Bible Study is not just about good methods. In fact, it is not only about deepening the knowledge of the Scriptures. The story of Cleopas and his companion did not end with the end of the Bible Study, although they wanted Jesus to stay longer with them. So, Jesus stayed with them, but in a new and eternal way. He took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to them. Any honest Catholic who regularly goes to Church will immediately recognize this act of Jesus as the Eucharist, and the Eucharist is Jesus himself. Likewise, the eyes of Cleopas and his companion were opened, and they recognized Jesus in this first post-resurrection Eucharist. So, the ultimate goal of Jesus’ bible study is to lead us to the Eucharist.

The story of Cleopas and his journey to Emmaus has always been my personal inspiration. Before I went to Rome, I used to give a Bible study every Saturday night. In this program, I explained the readings for the following Sunday. Yet, this activity is not only to go deeper into the Bible especially through the method of Jesus, but the real purpose is to help us experience a deeper encounter with Jesus in the Eucharist. If a Bible Study does not lead us to Jesus in the Eucharist, then it is not a Jesus’ Bible Study.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP